2024-03-28T08:36:34+00:00https://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/jsonhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/xmlhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/rsshttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/atomhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/kmlhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/geojsonhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/qrcodehttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results1121100finds-111111MAS-F100111AIRCRAFT COMPONENTMODERNAluminium aircraft section, heavily corroded and damaged. No identifying marks or plates visible, though two cross member plate remnants present. 870 x 45mm.
The lack of identifying marks means that the type and origin of the aircraft cannot be definitively identified from this recovered section. Initially thought to be part of a piston engine support frame from something like a Spitfire fighter, a Dakota transport aircraft, or perhaps one of the multi-engined bombers,this theory was discarded as these are generally circular in section. The double row of rivet holes down one side (presumably where it attached to the skin) suggest it is more likely a stringer of some description. A stringer is a Longitudinal member (i.e. in the fuselage aligned with the longitudinal axis and in wings and tail surfaces perpendicular to this axis) which gives the airframe its shape and provides the support for the skin. In fuselages, they link frames and in aerofoils they link ribs. The consensus therefore, is that it is from the outer wing rib of a single engine aeroplane or the fin/tail plane rib of a larger multi engine aircraft from the Second World War; and has characteristics that suggest it is from a Royal Air Force or British aircraft. However, due to the corrosion and the very close variations in measurement between both metric and imperial measurements, i.e. millimetres (mm), standard wire gauge (swg) or thousands of an inch (thou), used by aircraft designers during this period, the use of the spacing and diameter of rivets, bolt holes and other spacings combined with any drilling/stamping errors means that these do not help in identifying the piece. The damage to the piece also means that the use of rivet pitch, which might identify the manufacturer, rather than the country of origin, would be open to a wide degree of error.TRANSPORT41411218/173MAS2017-08-23T00:00:00ZVehicle componentWith finder2017-08-23T08:47:41Z2018-05-23T13:59:19Z111458701272811422625East SussexTQ440050.781702980.04126088pastels.dash.stockpile10MAS MASMASWhite metal11967FragmentMODERNMODERNFishingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckFIPAD_201708174.JPG288images/MAS2018-05-23T12:59:19.121Zfinds-172172MAS-F100172AIRCRAFT COMPONENTMODERNRolls Royce Merlin 45 gear unit, serial number GU 69 677, with a truncated, heavily damaged and corroded, three bladed propeller. All three propeller blades have survived despite heavy corrosion, though the end of one is missing. The wiring in the propeller cam shaft is visible since the outer dome casing has partially disintegrated. The Merlin 45 engine was used in the Mk. V Supermarine Spitfire fighters, in Reconnaissance Spitfires (PR Mk. IG & P MK. IV), and early versions of the naval version the Supermarine Seafire Mk. IB and Mk. IIC). The Merlin 45 saw active service from early 1941 as squadrons were equipped with the new Mk. V Spitfires.
Consultation with Boscombe Down Aviation Collection has suggested that this aircraft likely landed on the water, rather than crashed directly, as the damage to the propellor blades is minimal. Given that the nose of an aircraft is most likely where the initial impact of a crash would occur this would appear a more than probable conclusion. Additionally, following cleaning and initial preservation steps, it was noted that there are two circular scollops in the edge of one of the propellor blades (see image 13 of 13). Boscombe Down Aviation Collection suggest that these are of a diametre closely matching that of cannon shells that may have been fired at the Spitfire from a German aircraft such as a Messerschmitt BF 109E. This evidence suggests that the aircraft, to which this Gear unit belonged, was in combat shortly before its loss. The damaged sustained likely caused the engine to fail, causing the pilot to belly land the aircraft on the sea. It is to be hoped that he successfully exited the aircraft and was rescued following these events. Efforts to identify the exact aircraft from which this gear unit originated are being contiued by Boscombe Down AC.The Mk. V Spitfires were initially developed in late 1940 as a high altitude interceptor and were essentially remodelled Mk I & Mk II spitfires with a new engine, later Mk V's were purpose built airframes.
The PR Mk. IG (Armed) & P MK. IV (Unarmed) Spitfires were variants created to fulfil the role of photo- reconnaissance of enemy held territory. On some variants the planes had all their armament removed and often replaced with additional fuel tanks to increase their operational range. Their speed, small size and high operational ceiling allowed them to either remain undetected or avoid enemy aircraft. This role had previously been performed by light bombers, such as the Bristol Blenheim, or purpose built reconnaissance aircraft, such as the Westland Lysander. They are both relatively slow aircraft and the Lysander had no armament what so ever, as a result early war losses were high and an alternative solution was sought.
The Seafire was a naval version of the Spitfire, adapted for use on aircraft carriers, the first batch of which came into service in late 1941. The earlier variants being used for training to acquaint Fleet Air Arm pilots with the Spitfire air frame and using it on aircraft carriers. vehicle41411059/183MAS2018-04-27T00:00:00Zaircraft engineWith Boscombe Down Aviation Collection2018-04-27T09:07:05Z2020-03-27T15:30:26Z172124512414PAS5C5037EF001C032MAS MASMASSteel11786OtherIncompleteCorrodedMODERNMODERNFishing172_i0000010.jpg418images/MASPhil Trim2020-03-27T15:30:26.261Zfinds-2929MAS-D100029AMPULLAMEDIEVALAn incomplete, flask shaped ampulla made of lead dating to the late Medieval period, around AD 1350 to 1500. These objects are believed to have been used to transport holy liquid from pilgrim sites. The ampulla, found in the River Wear, has a rounded body that extends upwards into the neck and diverges outwards towards the top. One handle on the side of the neck is intact and the remains of a second handle is visible on the other side of the neck. The obverse side of the ampulla is rounded and there are no visible decorations remaining. A relief decoration of a small equal-armed cross within a circle is visible under raking light on the reverse, flat side of the body of the object.These are normally associated with Christian cross symbology.Holy water bottles made of lead were often brought from pilgrimage places as a souvenir. There is some suggestion that they were used in agricultural blessing ceremonies with the contents sprinkled on the ground during prayers and then the ampulla discarded, alternatively they were buried with their contents (Anderson 2010,182-203).
The object is being conserved/researched at Durham University as part of the Durham River Wear Assemblage ProjectReligion or Ritual29293MAS2016-09-15T00:00:00ZReligous or Ritual ContainerB.3399Durham University2017-02-28T09:58:52Z2018-05-23T14:03:02Z64292256125282415243607County DurhamNZ274254.77219974-1.58182606humid.pages.putty10MAS MASMASLead Alloy11095IncompleteCorrodedMEDIEVALx14221MEDIEVALx14221x14221DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckB3399.JPG90images/MAS2018-05-23T13:03:02.224Zfinds-5050MAS-D100050ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENTPOST MEDIEVALA rough cut square marble tile with pink colouration and marine growth visible. The tile measures approximately 0.3 m in length. It has not been possible to provide furter identification at this time.This item was found along with a wooden belaying pin (MAS-D100032) and two pulley sheeves (MAS-D100049).ARCHITECTURE36391032/173MAS2017-03-14T00:00:00ZTILEWith finder2017-03-14T07:28:01Z2017-09-26T13:22:13Z501228215PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B2MAS MASMASStone11794IncompletePOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_3921.JPG165images/MASABB2017-11-06T18:19:30.224Zfinds-234234MAS-O100234BARRELPOST MEDIEVALThis find comprises of the remains of three to four wooden barrels, which were buried in the intertidal sandy substrate of a pleasure beach. The action of the tide revealed the barrels and it is unclear how much of the barrels remain. End of the staves, lengths of timber making the sides of the barrel, are visible and clearly degraded. In some cases these give the appearance of flaring outwards, implying that only the lower portion of the barrel remains. At least one barrel exhibits inwardly projecting staves, suggesting more than half of the barrel remains. There is some evidence for the remains of posts protruding from the barrels which otherwise give the appearance of having been filled with sand and stone.
The term cask is also used to describe barrels specifically intended for the storage of liquid, most commonly alcohol such as wine and beer. It has not been possible at this stage to ascertain the exact size and type of the barrels comprising this find, though it is estimated that they are of a small to medium size such as a Rundlet or Tierce. What the barrels were originally used for is not readily discernible, though it does appear that they have been repurposed for another function. The presence of posts within the barrels and their relative positions, laid out in a rough rectangle, suggests they used to accommodate foundation posts of a possible structure. This may have been a simple platform for bathers or anglers or something more complex such as a temporary jetty or pontoon. An image, submitted by the finder, dating to the 1850s shows structures in approximately the same position as the barrels, which may indicate the structure previously supported by the barrels. Alternatively they may relate someway to the practicing for the D-Day Landings in Normandy, which incorporated the beach and construction of landing pontoons. It has not been possible to firmly date this find from the available data, but given their condition and the preservation of the timber elements a more recent, post-medieval, date is tentatively suggested.Barrels have been in use since at least the time of the Roman Republic, with evidence suggesting their use from 350 BC or earlier (https://www.riverdrive.co/history-of-barrels/ accessed March 2020). Their suitability as water tight containers meant that, until the 20th century, they were essential for the transport and storage of food stuffs, water and alcohol. The whiskey distilling industry still uses traditional oak barrels extensively in the ageing process. The term barrel itself is a general term and there are many different types of barrel, determined by size, such as a firkin (c. 30 litres) and a tun (c. 954 litres). Container21413MAS2018-09-27T00:00:00ZStorage container. Food and liquid storage containerSite2018-10-15T09:58:04Z2020-03-30T14:21:28Z23441482835PAS5C5037EF001C03250003DownNW653654.66413092-5.64553486soils.bike.luck10MAS MASMASWood11988Iron11019Hand madeIncompletePoorROMANx41218MODERNx41047Coastal walking234_20180927_192948.jpg604images/MASPhil Trim2020-03-30T13:21:28.39Zfinds-33MAS-1F5444BEADPOST MEDIEVALTwenty-six long drawn beads with a single cylindrical central perforation extending along the length of the bead. Varying in size, the beads measure approximately 25 mm in length and 8 mm in diameter, and some signs of wear are visible. The beads all have an opaque white core, cased in opaque red, cased in opaque white and finally cased in translucent blue on the exterior. The inner layers form a star pattern. The diameter cross-section is roughly cylindrical in the centre, whilst at the upper and lower ends the cross-section changes to become faceted in an octagonal shape, allowing the layers to be seen from the side.
These polychrome beads are of a type known as 'chevron' or 'rosetta' beads, which for several hundred years have been a speciality of the Venetian glassmakers. First appearing in the late 15th century, they were made from a short section of drawn-out hollow cane in a translucent greenish glass, coated with six further layers of white, translucent greenish, red and blue glass, and given a star-like cross-section by pressing in a 12-pointed corrugated mould; the canes were then cut into short lengths and the ends ground to expose the inner layers. Later beads may have fewer layers; they are still being made in Venice today, albeit in very small quantities. These beads can reach up to 90 mm in length and 60 mm in diameter, however the more common size is 20-30 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter.
In the UK, chevron beads usually belong to 16th or 17th century contexts, but they were also made in quantity for export to West Africa and the Americas, and the peak of production came during the 19th and early 20th centuries. These later beads were usually of four and six layers, in red, blue and white. Chevron beads are still highly valued in present-day West Africa, where they continue to be worn for prestige and ceremonial purposes, and are occasionally buried with the dead.These beads were recovered from the wreck of Loanda, along with three clay pipes recorded as MAS-100004. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.Dress and personal accessories3641150019081196/163MAS2016-07-12T00:00:00ZJewellery901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112With finder2016-08-03T14:44:36Z2016-09-30T11:57:40ZPAS57A1F5440013D68252618284317115PAS57BC1B67001A23PAS57BC1E1600176F218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS-1FC389MAS MASMASGlass10879OtherDrawnCompleteFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047MODERNx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckP1050090.JPG2images/MASMF2017-11-06T18:25:22.053Zfinds-109109MAS-F100109BOATMODERNThis find is an unidentified curved aluminium sheet that measures approximately 0.94 m by 0.24 m and has a thickness of 5 mm. The sheet displays one riveted hole and one area still exhibits faint traces of red paint. The sheet is covered in a layer of marine growth.
Initially it was believed that this object could be associated with aviation remains, however, after consulting our historic aircraft specialist, it was confirmed that the material is too thick to belong to an aircraft. The colour red does not often appear, other than on external markings or Luftwaffe radio equipment, both of which would have been made of a lighter gauge material. Although the origin of this aluminium sheet is unknown, it is possible that it is of industrial origin; or it may be related to vessel superstructure plating or in the internal construction for retaining insulating material.TRANSPORT41411219/173MAS2017-08-23T00:00:00ZWATER CRAFTWith finder2017-08-23T08:40:58Z2018-05-08T08:40:03Z109524094012728114PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57C96ECD001E8222625East SussexTQ440050.781702980.04126088pastels.dash.stockpile10MAS MASMASWhite metal11967FragmentMODERNMODERNFishingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckFIPAD_2017081726.JPG277images/MASABB2018-05-08T07:40:03.024Zfinds-7171MAS-D100071BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYThree aqua coloured glass bottles with tooled lips; for foodstuffs or other household goods; probably dating to the 19th century.
These bottles have a double ring also known as a double collar, double bead, double lip, Davis-type, stacked ring, bead lip with a ring, round band lower flared, broad round collar with lower bevel, inverted double ring, citrate of magnesia finish, double roll collar and stacked ring. This two-part finish is composed of two connected 'rings' - usually with a thicker and slightly wider variably rounded ring at the top of the finish with a thinner and narrower variably rounded to flat ring below. Other variations can have either or both rings somewhat or totally flattened on outside, which is similar to the three bottles recorded here.
This popular finish was used on many different bottle types but was most common on a wide array of medicines, many varieties of liquor flasks and various sauces. Between about 1840 and the 1920s, and particularly between 1850 and 1910, this style of finish was one of the most popular and functional finishes used. It can be found on both mouth-blown and machine-made bottles. The lips or double ring on the bottle seem to be a tooled lip which means the lip was formed in the mould itself rather than applied to the bottle separately. The popularity of this finish was probably a combination of corking strength and relative ease of manufacturing (Society for Historical Archaeology webpage, accessed September 2017).These items were found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and one egg cup (MAS-D100078).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives.
NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.
The location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.Container39391173/173MAS2017-07-24T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage container813607Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23With finder2017-07-24T21:26:17Z2017-10-05T11:45:41Z71318284915PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASGlass10879MouldedCompleteNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_1938.JPG10images/MASLR2017-11-06T18:17:47.683Zfinds-7272MAS-D100072BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYOne Hamilton bottle also known as a torpedo or egg bottle. These bottles are named after their English inventor, William Francis Hamilton who took out a patent in 1809 for a method of bottling soda and other mineral waters, involving ovate bottles (although use of ovate bottle probably pre-dated his patent by at least 20 years). These bottles became common in the 1840s when the manufacturing of mineral water became very popular. Before this date, carbonated water was only sold on a small scale. The bottle was invented as a way of keeping the gas in fizzy drinks. The pointed base meant that the cork or stopper was always airtight as it was always wet and swollen due to being laid on its side (Dale 2012). A Swiss chemist, Jacob Schwepper, set up a chemist's shop in London and was selling the newly invited artificial fizzy spring water known as aerated water in the early years of the 19th century, and was an early user of the Hamilton bottles to keep in schweppervescence. However, bottles with a pointed base were difficult to transport and could not be stood upright (Dale 2012). Common use of ovate bottles runs from the 1830s through to the end of the century. This item was found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), 3 aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and one egg cup (MAS-D100078).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives.
NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.
The location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.Container39391173/173MAS2017-07-24T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage container813607Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23With finder2017-07-24T21:26:17Z2017-10-05T11:54:23Z7211828415PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_1938.JPG200images/MASLR2017-11-06T18:17:43.951Zfinds-6565MAS-D100065BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYSix stoneware seltzer bottles, of a type used to carry mineral water from various Continental (mainly German) spas. The term 'seltzer' takes its name from the town of Selters in the lower Rhineland, one of the original producers of effervescent mineral waters. This cylindrical bottle type was used from the early 19th century through to the First World War. These types of bottles were produced by the specialist potters known as Krugbacker, or pot bakers, in the Westerwald region of Germany. These bottles, which changed little throughout the 19th century, were slender and cylindrical and colored reddish brown with straight, vertical sides. Bottles were stamped with marks indicating the bottling company, the jug baker's mark, the well number from which they were filled, and the town from which they were shipped (NMSC Archaeology & Museum Blog webpage, accessed September 2017).These items were found with four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and one egg cup (MAS-D100078).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives.
NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.
The location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.Container39411173/173MAS2017-07-24T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage container813607Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23With finder2017-07-24T21:26:17Z2017-10-05T11:46:02Z6565284115PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_1938.JPG181images/MASLR2017-11-06T18:18:24.986Zfinds-6666MAS-D100066BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYFour stoneware bottles (three large and one smaller) that were probably used for beer, ale, stout or porter.
Stoneware bottles provided the ultimate in protection from the detrimental effects of light but were very heavy. They were produced in Britain in the 1800s and many bottles found in the United States were even imported from here.
All of these bottles have a feldspathic glaze over an ochre dip on the upper parts of the bottle giving them a darker colour on top. Feldspars (natural rocks of aluminosilicates) are used in stoneware and porcelain glazes because they fuse only at high temperatures. The feldspathic glaze dates the bottles to the 1830s or later while stoneware bottles were more or less superseded by glass by the first decade of the 20th century. These items were found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and an egg cup (MAS-D100078).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives.
NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.
The location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.Container39411173/173MAS2017-07-24T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage container813607Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23With finder2017-07-24T21:26:17Z2017-10-05T11:46:18Z6645284215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_1938.JPG182images/MASLR2017-11-06T18:18:21.703Zfinds-3838MAS-D100038BOTTLEPOST MEDIEVALFour glass bottles that are all square, mould-blown 'case bottles', with a typical tapering profile. The square shape enabled them to be packed more efficiently in a case than round bottles, and the tapering profile stopped them from sticking when removed from the case. These were used for gin (although undoubtedly also sometimes for other spirits or wine). Square case bottles were made in Europe from the middle of the 17th century, but the tapering form seems to have become more common in the 19th century. From the 1880s the bottles were machine made, and the rims properly finished - these examples therefore probably date to the 19th century, but pre-dating the 1880s.This item was found along with an ivy leaf teacup (MAS-D100051).FOOD AND DRINK SERVING CONTAINER36391090/173MAS2017-05-21T00:00:00ZWINE BOTTLEWith finder2017-05-21T14:02:28Z2017-09-26T13:13:09Z38418284115PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR233651.079963081.18236287petty.jetting.hazy10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck38_az9rlbhpze9s.jpg131images/MASABB2017-11-06T18:20:15.54Zfinds-4040MAS-D100040BOTTLEPOST MEDIEVALOne onion bottle dated to c.1700.
Glass onion bottles were large hand-blown glass bottles, used aboard sailing ships to hold wine or brandy. For increased stability on rough seas, the bottles were fashioned with a wide-bottom shape to prevent toppling. Between c.1690 and c.1720 the outline of a wine bottle resembled an onion - a wide compressed globular body and a short neck (Robinson and Harding 2015). Most bottles before 1700 had a ring of glass just below the neck that gave anchorage to the string used to hold in variety of stoppers. The Dutch bottles usually had a longer neck than the English ones and featured a flat wraparound rim, while the English bottlenecks had an applied collar or laid on ring (Polak 2016).This item was found along with a large round jug (MAS-D100052) and were recovered from the Goodwin Sands, Kent.Container36361091/173MAS2017-05-23T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage containerWith finder2017-05-23T19:42:07Z2017-10-04T09:49:26Z401182841415PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B2MAS MASMASGlass10879BlownCompletePOST MEDIEVALx41047POST MEDIEVALx41047x41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck40_IMG_02.jpg137images/MASLR2017-11-06T18:20:06.692Zfinds-8282MAS-D100082BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYA collection of four stoneware ginger beer bottles covered with a feldpathic glaze and stamped with 'A Phillips Victoria VI'. These bottles relate to Alexander Phillips of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, whose business ran from 1858. In 1879, his son became a partner in the business after which time the bottles are stamped 'A Phillips & Son' (B.C. & Vancouver Island - Bottles, Antiques & Collectibles, accessed November 2017). These stoneware ginger beer bottles were produced in Britain by the Doulton Lambeth Company. 'VI' stood for the crown colony of Vancouver Island. After the colonies were combined in 1866, most companies would switch to using BC or British Columbia. However, the bottles depicting 'VI' would still be used, as special orders for bottles like these could take months, if not more than a year, to reach the new colony, meaning that existing bottles were often recycled (Royal B.C. Museum Learning Portal, accessed November 2017).These items were found with a collection of five other bottles (MAS-D100100).CONTAINER393913MAS2017-08-01T00:00:00ZFOOD AND LIQUID STORAGE CONTAINERWith finder2017-08-11T10:38:35Z2017-12-06T12:53:48Z827645284215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR353551.06620131.35272976recharges.vehicles.unmarked10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_2179.JPG202images/MASLR2017-12-06T12:53:48.966Zfinds-8484MAS-D100084BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYThree cylindrical glass bottles. The two larger bottles are full size wine bottles. One is of the 'Burgundy' type and is most likely Continental. The half-size wine bottle, originally thought to be a champagne bottle, also has a Continental style neck. The Continental style neck appears around the middle of the 19th century (Dumbrell 1983). All are of nineteenth or twentieth century type.These bottles were found with two green glass gin bottles (MAS-D100101), seven clay pipes (MAS-D100085) and the lid of a ceramic serving dish (MAS-D100087).CONTAINER394113MAS2017-08-06T00:00:00ZFOOD AND LIQUID STORAGE CONTAINERWith finder2017-08-11T10:45:35Z2017-12-06T12:54:12Z8476318284115PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck84_Picture1.jpg386images/MASLR2017-12-06T12:54:12.225Zfinds-5353MAS-O100053BOTTLEPOST MEDIEVALOne gin bottle measuring 11 inches high by 3 1/2 inches wide. This square, mould-blown 'case bottle', has the typical tapering profile. The square shape enabled the bottles to be packed more efficiently in a case than round bottles, and the tapering profile stops them from sticking when removed from the case. They were used for gin (although undoubtedly also sometimes for other spirits or wine). Square case bottles were made in Europe from the middle of the 17th century, but the tapering form seems to have become more common in the 19th century. From the 1880s the bottles were machine made, and the rims properly finished - this examples therefore probably date to the 19th century, but pre-dating the 1880s.This item was found along with three candlesticks (MAS-D100039 and MAS-D100041). All of these items were recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis, a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten First class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis.Container3939180018561092/173MAS2017-05-28T00:00:00ZDRINK SERVING CONTAINER1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-05-29T08:46:26Z2018-03-19T20:02:58Z531182815PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR183051.02800971.10748152immature.twang.uncouth10MAS MASMASGlass10879NINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck41_f3yhwrzgu1vk.jpg185images/MASABB2018-03-19T20:02:58.842Zfinds-103103MAS-F100103BOTTLEMODERNThis flat-based Hamilton, or 'torpedo' bottle stands 240 mm high, with a 64-mm wide base and is approximately 90 mm wide at the waist. It has a 'bottle logo' embossed on its base. There are possibly other text/numerals that have since worn away. The bottle shows moulding scars on the base and sides. It has a crown top finish.
The egg-shaped bottle was first patented by William Francis Hamilton in 1814, the idea being that the bottle had to be stored on its side to keep the cork wet and ensuring a good seal on the reusable bottle. In around 1870, the flat based egg or Hamilton bottle was introduced. Following the 'blob top' finish being replaced by the crown top and cork sometime after 1892, when this cap design was patented, the design became more popular. This was because the bottles could now be reliably stored upright without cork shrinkage and a leaky seal causing loss of the carbonated gas. This is recognisable on this bottle by the beaded rim that the metal cap fitted over. These are also generally c.25mm in diameter. The cap would have been metal with a cork lining. This, however, lead to the decline in the popularity of torpedo bottles as it made them no longer necessary (Lucas, 2010).
The mould scar travels up the neck to the lip of the bottle and this would suggest that it was manufactured around 1910 on a semi or fully automated bottle making machine, near to the end of their popularity. The 'bottle logo' on the base is probably the manufactures logo, however, several manufacturers used the same logo as their mark and therefore it has not now been possible to isolate its exact point of manufacture. The bottles were extensively exported from the U.K. and are therefore found around the world, but particularly in the former colonies and North America.BOTTLE41413MAS2017-08-23T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage containerWith finder2017-08-23T08:15:00Z2018-05-23T14:00:10Z24010390118284911422625East SussexTQ440050.781702980.04126088pastels.dash.stockpile10MAS MASMASGlass10879MouldedCompleteFairMODERNMODERNFishingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckFIPAD_2017081795.JPG241images/MAS2018-05-23T13:00:10.772Zfinds-100100MAS-D100100BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYA collection of five bottles comprising two full-size glass bottles, one squat cylindrical glass bottle, one small clear bottle, and one stoneware bottle. All the bottles are believed to be of nineteenth and twentieth century type, although it is difficult to date all but the stoneware bottle.
The two full-size glass bottles are thought to be either wine or beer bottles. If the bottles have kicked bases, it would indicate a wine bottle, while a flat base would indicate a beer bottle.
The squat cylindrical glass bottle was thought to be a port bottle, however if the base is flat, this could also be another example of a beer bottle.
The small clear bottle with a long narrow neck is thought to have been used for foodstuffs, possibly a condiment of some sort.
The ginger beer stoneware bottle is covered with a feldpathic glaze and stamped with 'A Phillips Victoria VI'. This bottle relates to Alexander Phillips of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, whose business ran from 1858. In 1879, his son became a partner in the business after which time the bottles are stamped 'A Phillips & Son' (B.C. & Vancouver Island - Bottles, Antiques & Collectables, accessed November 2017). This stoneware ginger beer bottle was produced in Britain by the Doulton Lambeth Company. 'VI' stands for the crown colony of Vancouver Island. After the colonies were combined in 1866, most companies would switch to using BC or British Columbia. However, the bottles depicting 'VI' would still be used, as special orders for bottles like these could take months, if not more than a year, to reach the new colony, meaning that existing bottles were often recycled (Royal B.C. Museum Learning Portal, accessed November 2017).These items were found with four stoneware ginger beer bottles (MAS-D100082).CONTAINER39411201/173MAS2017-08-01T00:00:00ZFOOD AND LIQUID STORAGE CONTAINERWith finder2017-08-11T10:38:35Z2018-05-22T15:47:59Z10076518284115PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR353551.06620131.35272976recharges.vehicles.unmarked10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_2178.JPG201images/MASLR2018-05-22T14:47:59.413Zfinds-101101MAS-D100101BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYTwo case gin bottles.
Some of the earliest liquor bottles were square in cross section and generally designed to contain gin though undoubtedly contained various types of liquor and possibly wine. Commonly called 'case gin' or 'taper gin' bottles since they would pack more efficiently in a case (6 to 24 bottles) than round bottles. Case gin bottles are square with a distinct taper inwards from the shoulder to the base. The neck is very short to almost non-existent with the finishes varying from a laid-on ring, flared, mineral finish, oil, and even a blob. This shape and style of bottle originated in, and was commonly made in, Europe at least as early as the mid-17th century. These examples do not exhibit the bevelled corners generally seen on bottles of the 1860s or later (Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, accessed November 2017), and may therefore be earlier 19th century.This items was found with three cylindrical glass bottles (MAS-D100084), seven clay pipes (MAS-D100085) and the lid of a ceramic serving dish (MAS-D100087).CONTAINER39391200/173MAS2017-08-06T00:00:00ZFOOD AND LIQUID STORAGE CONTAINERWith finder2017-08-11T10:45:35Z2018-05-22T15:48:20Z10151218284215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck101_Picture2.jpg387images/MASLR2018-05-22T14:48:20.248Zfinds-199199MAS-D100199BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYThis find is a small medicine style bottle in green glass. No scale was provided but these vessels are usually 160 - 190 mm in overall height. The vessel is flat bottomed with a rectangular shape in plan, with the short sides being rounded. it has a short but wide neck ending in a bead type finish, common to medicine bottles. Embossed on the shoulders of the vessel is the word KEPLER, which refers to the product which it contained. The base is embossed with SNOW HILL, B. W. & Co, LONDON, which refers to the manufacturer and their factory in London. The condition of the vessel is good though the cap or stopper is missing along with a paper label that was common to these vessels.
This vessel is a product of Burroughs Wellcome & Company, a London based pharmaceutical company established in 1880 by two American pharmicists. The company continued to trade until 1994, when it merged with Glaxo in turn becoming the modern pharmaceutical conglomerate GlaxoSmithKline. Snow Hill, London, was the company's first business premises which they continued to operate from until it was destroyed during the Blitz. By 1900 their product range included a trademarked product known as Kepler, which this bottle would have contained. This was a dietary supplement of cod liver oil and malt extract, containing vitamins A and D and with added calcium and potassium salts (www.gracesguide.co.uk accessed 2019).Recovered from Unknown Wreck, one mile off The Warren.Container393918801133/183MAS2018-06-21T00:00:00ZMedicine BottleN/AWith Finder2018-07-04T09:32:50Z2020-02-19T13:44:25Z199118214115PAS5C5037EF001C032MAS MASMASGlass10879BlownIncompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDiving199_IMG_6710.JPG511images/MASPhil Trim2020-02-19T13:44:25.994Zfinds-2828MAS-O100028BOTTLEPOST MEDIEVALA bottle made from dark green/black glass, bearing a protruding cork. It has a slightly concave body, flaring moderately at the base, leading to gently rounded shoulders with clear definition where they intersect with the neck. The neck itself is broadly straight, tapering slightly where it meets the finish. The finish is of either a double oil or brandy type. The bottle is reminiscent of a spirit bottle of the squat cylinder style, though vessels of this style were used to contain a variety of products beyond beers, wines and spirits. Bottles of this type were manufactured from at least the 1730's until the late 19th century, examples of both free blown and moulded vessels are known. This bottle is likely to have been hand blown in a mould, it bears a slight lean from the base but otherwise appears uniform.Container3639015/183MAS2017-02-22T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage container2017-02-25T10:51:15Z2020-02-21T11:59:00Z2811814414213PAS5C5037EF001C03225469Isle of WightSZ629150.71533209-1.12317252corrupted.provider.spud10MAS MASMASGlass10879Wood11988BlownCompleteGoodPOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047UnknownFB_IMG_1488019587915.jpg87images/MASPhil Trim2020-02-21T11:59:00.389Zfinds-4545MAS-D100045BOTTLEPOST MEDIEVALBase of a broken glass onion bottle found loose on the seabed with quite a lot of marine growth present, including over the broken edges. Found on Marl Beds - not long after passing over an area of numerous fairly amorphous concretions apparently loose on the coarse sandy seabed.FOOD AND DRINK SERVING CONTAINER36361120/173MAS2017-05-17T00:00:00ZCONTAINERWith finder2017-05-30T11:34:20Z2020-02-28T15:54:03Z4511828115PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57C96ECD001E82214362DorsetSZ058050.61968642-1.93068328princely.meaning.pulps10MAS MASMASGlass10879FragmentPOST MEDIEVALx41047POST MEDIEVALx41047x41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckOnionbottle1.JPG150images/MASABB2020-02-28T15:54:03.447Zfinds-227227MAS-D100227BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYBordeaux style bottle manufactured in clear aquamarine coloured glass, though weathering has caused the colours to distort and becom pearlescent towards the base of the vessel. It has a wide and straight neck and is finished in the applied ring or champagne style. The body is cylindrical, with low profile rounded shoulders. The height of the bottle is approximately 230 mm, the diameter of the body 60 mm and the neck 30 mm. Though this bottle is smaller than the more common 300 mm tall, 750 ml wine bottles it is most likely a wine bottle. It's clear colour suggests a dessert or sweet wine, at the very least a vessel for white rather than red wine.This item was found with a brass valve (MAS-D100228).
These items were recovered from the wreck SS Latona. Built in 1856 in the United States by J S & J R Wolf, the SS Latona was a steam ship registered in Liverpool, UK. Whilst on passage from London to Genoa the Latona collided with the SS Silistria on the 30th January 1876 off Shakespeare Cliff, Dover. Though she sank immediately the crew were saved by the Silistria, which was subsequently taken in tow to London. Items, including spoons, have been recovered from the wreck site with the spoons bearing the vessels name used to identify the remains. NRHE and East Sussex HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Latona.Container39391876303/183MAS2018-09-16T00:00:00ZStorage container. Food and liquid storage container813423Kent HER: TR 23 SE 23With finder2018-09-25T12:28:36Z2020-03-26T11:30:12Z23022760118414315PAS5C503E21001138218210KentTR283351.051066761.25173598airspace.nullifying.cutting10MAS MASMASGlass10879BlownCompletePoorNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDiving227_IMG_8754.JPG592images/MASJoaquin Callejo Gomez2020-03-26T11:30:12.126Zfinds-197197MAS-D100197BOTTLEPOST MEDIEVALSix glass gin bottles. 'Case gin' or 'taper gin' bottles have a square cross section that means that packing became more effective than with round bottles. The bodies taper wider towards a sharp shoulder, short neck and a champagne finish. The bottles are olive green in colour, and are in a fair condition despite encrusting towards the neck. This shape and style of bottle originated in and was commonly made in Europe at least as early as the mid-17th century. These examples do not exhibit the bevelled corners generally seen on bottles of the 1860s or later and may therefore be earlier 19th century (https://sha.org/bottle/liquor.htm#CaseGinbottles accessed January 2019).All of these items were recovered from the wreck Loanda. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.
This item was found with 16 clay pipes (MAS-D100196) and fragments of a porcelain cup (MAS-D100198).Container36391136/183MAS2018-06-24T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage container901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112With finder2018-07-04T07:59:41Z2020-03-26T13:02:52Z1976184115PAS5C5037EF001C03218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047Diving196_IMG_6647.JPG501images/MASPhil Trim2020-03-26T13:02:52.819Zfinds-207207MAS-D100207BOTTLEPOST MEDIEVALLong necked glass bottle in clear or aqua marine glass. Overall height of 210 mm from base to finish, the height of body from base to shoulder being 120 mm. The finish being of the applied style, bearing a ring of glass approximately 15 mm wide over a further ring extending a further 5-10 mm down the neck. The base of the vessels exhibits a slightly concave punt <10 mm deep. In profile the body appears to be of a flattened hexagon shape, approximately 70 mm wide. the largest pane of the hexagonal shape being 45 mm across. The contraction from body to neck is severe, narrowing to 30 mm in only 10 mm of height, the contraction being convex in shape. The exterior of the neck is 30 mm wide at its base, tapering to 20 mm where it meets the finish. the finish being approximately 25 - 30 mm across. The body bears the inscription of C & B embosed near the base of the largest pane of the hexagon. The intended use of the vessel is unclear, being of a fairly unique design, and may relate to medicinal products or possibly the bottling of gin. No exact details of the company or product to which the logo C & B relates can be ascertained at this time. As it was found with mid to late 19th century finds, it implies a probable date of this period. The verall condition is good as the vessel is complete, though there is soe evidence of encrustation along one side of the body.This item was found with a tobacco pipe (MAS-D100205) and four stonewear bottles (MAS-D100206). These items were recovered from an undesignated wreck known locally as the Mindoro, though no records are available online relating to such a wreck.39411240/183MAS2018-08-28T00:00:00ZN/AWith finder2018-08-29T08:50:59Z2020-03-26T12:54:29Z210207701184215PAS5C5037EF001C03218210KentTR353551.06620131.35272976recharges.vehicles.unmarked10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNx41047Diving207_IMG01.jpg536images/MASPhil Trim2020-03-26T12:54:29.295Zfinds-6363MAS-D100063BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYFive olive green case gin bottles with a square tapered body and four dots on base.
Some of the earliest spirit bottles were square in cross section and generally designed to contain gin, though undoubtedly contained various types of alcohol and possibly wine. Commonly called "case gin" or "taper gin" bottles since they would pack more efficiently to a case (six to 24 bottles) than round bottles. Case gin bottles are square with a more or less distinct taper inwards from the shoulder to the base. The neck is very short to almost non-existent with the finishes varying from a laid-on ring, flared, mineral finish, oil, and even a blob. This shape and style of bottle originated, and was commonly made, in Europe at least as early as the mid-17th century (https://sha.org/bottle/liquor.htm#CaseGinbottles accessed October 2017). These examples do not exhibit the bevelled corners generally seen on bottles of the 1860s or later and may therefore be earlier 19th century.These items were found with two clay pipes (MAS-D100079) and two perfume bottles (MAS-D100080).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck Loanda. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.
NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.CONTAINER39391185/173MAS2017-07-12T00:00:00ZFOOD AND LIQUID STORAGE CONTAINER901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108With finder2017-07-15T15:13:43Z2020-03-30T14:10:00Z6370250518284215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck63_Bottle1.jpg174images/MASLR2020-03-30T13:10:00.805Zfinds-156156MAS-D100156BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYThree salt glazed stoneware bottles. This form of bottle was a type used to carry seltzer water and gin.
Seltzer water was exported by various Continental (mainly German) spas. The term 'seltzer' takes its name from the town of Selters in the lower Rhineland, one of the original producers of effervescent mineral waters. This cylindrical bottle type was used from the early 19th century through to the First World War and were produced by the specialist potters known as Krugbacker, or pot bakers, in the Westerwald region of Germany. These bottles, which changed little throughout the 19th century, were slender and cylindrical and colored reddish brown with straight, vertical sides (NMSC Archaeology & Museum Blog webpage accessed November 2017).
These types of stonewear bottles are also associated with gin exportation from continental distilleries, mainly Amsterdam. Bottles were often stamped with marks indicating the bottling company, therefore any obvious marking could help in distinguishing whether these particular bottles carried seltzer water or gin.These items were found with one stoneware salt glazed jar (MAS-D100132), two clear glass fruit bottles, one ornate green glass wine bottle, one black glass bottle, one tall brown wine bottle with a hexagonal base (MAS-D100133) and part of a metal fork/spoon (MAS-D100134).CONTAINER39411316/173MAS2017-10-18T00:00:00ZFOOD AND LIQUID STORAGE CONTAINERWith finder2017-10-23T17:13:40Z2020-03-30T13:58:26Z15632035284514PAS5989C577001EA7PAS5989C577001EA72MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteEncrustedNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNFishingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck156_IMG_3562.JPG355images/MASLR2020-03-30T12:58:26.385Zfinds-230230MAS-D100230BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYThree bottles of blown glass. The frst two bottles are torpedo or Hamilton´s type bottle (Hamilton introduced this type of blow molding) from the mid-nineteenth century dedicated to containing carbonated water or 'soda'. Both are light blue/green 'aqua' glass and measure 250 mm long and have a diameter of 75 mm with a 'bottom-weighted' blob finish. The inscription "Aerated Water" "Bombay" makes reference to the content and place of distribution, something that manufacturers of this type of packaging commonly did. The design ensured that the bottles would be stored on their side, keeping the cork in contact with the liquid and thereby preventing it from drying out and allowing the gas to escape.
The third of the bottles is a small light blue/green 'aqua' glass container, hexagonal in shape and measuring 75 mm in high by 45 mm in diameter. This would probably be a small ink bottle. This style of bottle was very popular around the middle of the 19th century from around 1835 to 1865 (Covill 1971).
These items were found with four ceramic bowls (MAS-D100229), one stoneware bottle (MAS-D100231) and four stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100232).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde."AERATED WATER" "BOMBAY"Container39391118351876291/183MAS2018-09-17T00:00:00ZStorage container. Food and liquid storage container813607Kent HER: TR 33 NW 232018-10-02T08:20:08Z2020-04-01T09:06:10Z25023075318214115PAS5C50379B001E6C218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASGlass10879BlownIncompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYEarlyEarlyNINETEENTH CENTURYDiving229_glasstopedobottle.jpg594images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-04-01T08:06:10.585Zfinds-231231MAS-D100231BOTTLEPOST MEDIEVALBrown ceramic bottle with a glazed surface. It was intended to contain gin of Dutch origin. The bottle measures 310 mm long and has a diameter of 85 mm with a ring type handle on the neck of the bottle. The bottle is printed with the phrase 'WYNAND FOCKINK' 'AMSTERDAM'.
In Amsterdam, Wynand Focknik has been making distinctive hand-crafted liqueurs and jenevers (Dutch gin) since 1679 (Greenberg 2012). In the 17th century, when the Dutch East Indiaman ships brought herbs, spices and sugar to Amsterdam, distillers started distilling liqueurs on a large scale. The city had become very prosperous and liqueur, contrary to beer and genever, was an expensive drink which only the rich could afford to drink on a regular basis. When in 1724 Wynand Fockink acquired the distillery and the bar in the Pijlsteeg dating back to 1679, Amsterdam was still a rich and prosperous city with a thriving liqueur industry. Under Wynand Fockink and his descendants, the liqueur distillery became one of the largest Dutch distilleries. By the end of the 18th century the company owned six large premises on the Oudezijds Voorburgwal and another six in the Pijlsteeg.
In the first decade of the 19th century the company expanded through export as well which could explain why these bottles were found on a vessel bound for Bombay. By the 19th century, Wynand Fockink owned trading houses in Berlin, Vienna, Brussels and Paris and between 1815 and 1860, France was one of the largest liqueur customers. The Wynand Fockink distillery in Amsterdam is still open today (http://wynand-fockink.nl/tasting-tavern/history).This item was found with four ceramic bowls (MAS-D100229), three glass bottles (MAS-D100230) and four stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100232).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.´WYNAND FOCKINK´´AMSTERDAM´Container363923291/1813MAS2018-09-17T00:00:00ZStorage container. Food and liquid storage container813607Kent HER: TR 33 NW 232018-10-02T08:20:09Z2020-04-08T08:26:12Z31023185154381613PAS5C50379B001E6C218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASCeramic10539OtherHand madeStampedCompletePOST MEDIEVALx41047MiddleLateNINETEENTH CENTURYx41047Unknown229_largestonebottle_1.jpg596images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-04-08T07:26:12.587Zfinds-206206MAS-D100206BOTTLESNINETEENTH CENTURYThis find comprises of four stoneware bottles with the inscription "A PHILLIPS VICTORIA VI" and one stoneware ink bottle inscribed "BLACKWOODS" bearing a pouring lip. All vessels are constructed in a cream stoneware ceramic with a clear glaze.
The four A PHILLIPS bottles are approximately 220 mm in overall height (150 mm from heel to sharply angled shoulder), with an exterior diameter of 80 mm in the body and 30 mm at the finish. The finish is of a type known as an applied finish, from glass bottle construction where an additional strip of glass is applied around the rim of the bottle, in this case this ring was likely to have been part of the mould in which the bottle was manufactured. The body is cylindrical with a sharp angle at the shoulder, with the constriction above the shoulder being straight before curving into the short neck immediately beneath the finish. the vessel in the photo is of good condition with one small chip at the base.
The ink bottle is approximately 180 mm in height (120 mm from heel to sharply angled shoulder), with an exterior diameter of 80 mm in the body, 30 mm at the neck and 45 mm at the flared finish and pouring lip. The neck bears two horizontal beaded rings <5 mm thick, approximately 10 mm apart and 15 mm below the flared finish. The body is cylindrical with a sharp angle at the shoulder, with the constriction above the shoulder being slightly concave as is curves into the short neck.The vessel is in moderately good condition, though there is some cracking of the glaze evident and a small amound of encrustation around the base.
Dating of these vessels, based on the known operating period of the companies inscribed upon them, is likely after 1858 (A Phillips arrives in Victoria), but prior to 1871 when the patent of Blackwoods bottles and change in form is likely. This is predicated on the vessels being from the same wreck.
The A PHILLIPS inscriptions refer to the Pioneer Syrup, Soda & Cider Works established by Alexander Aaron Phillips of Victoria, British Columbia after 1858. Mr Phillips is the first recorded Jewish resident of Victoria (http://www.jmaw.org/phillips-victoria-jewish-bc/ accessed January 2019). The vessels presumably predate the 1881 change of the business name to A Phillips and Son. No record of where these vessels were produced could be found, though given the large quantities of stoneware vessels exported to Canada and the USA from Great Britain in the mid-19th century it is possible these were being exported to Canada for Mr Phillips.
The other bottle, though the inscription is only partially visible in photo, appears to be an ink bottle from ink manufacturer Blackwood & Co, London. This company appears to have existed from at least 1851, based on an advertisement in the 4th November 1851 issue of The Times. In 1856 the company patented their design of pouring ink bottle, and again in 1871, with the later examples bearing the words "PATENT SYPHON" immediately below the company name. That this inscription is missing from this vessel, that the patented vessels bear a more pronounced and elongated lip, along with a small hole in the rear of the neck opposite the spout, implies this particular example predates 1871.This item was found with a clay tobacco pipe (MAS-D100205), and a glass bottle (MAS-D100207). These items were recovered from an undesignated wreck known locally as the Mindoro, though no records are available online relating to such a wreck.3939185118791240/183MAS2018-08-28T00:00:00ZN/AWith finder2018-08-29T08:50:56Z2020-03-26T14:09:41Z22020680520417215PAS5C5037EF001C03218210KentTR353551.06620131.35272976recharges.vehicles.unmarked10MAS MASMASStonewareIncised or engraved or chasedCompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDiving206_IMG_01.jpg534images/MASPhil Trim2020-03-26T14:09:41.936Zfinds-133133MAS-D100133BOTTLESPOST MEDIEVALTwo clear glass fruit bottles, one ornate green glass wine bottle, one tall brown wine bottle with glass hexagonal base (94 stamped on base) and one black glass bottle.
The fruit bottles are 280 mm long and 70 mm wide. One appears to be more encrusted and discoloured than the other, but both are consistent in their shape. They possess straight bodies, abrubtly curving shoulders and straight necks running to applied finishes. One is still stoppered and contains what appears to be olives. Both are indicative of fruit bottles in style and shape.
The two wine bottles differ in appearance. The first is made from clear green and ornately decorated glass, with spiralling exhibitned from the shoulders and up the neck. It is 300 mm long and 60 mm wide, with straight sides and gradually sloping shoulders to a straight neck before a wine finish. The second bottle is cruder in appearance. The dark brown/black glass in encrusted with marine biofauna, and its shape is slightly warped to the left in the photograph. The sides are straight, but the shoulders are seemingly absent, as the entire 380 mm length of the bottle appears to slope right down to the finish. At its base '94' is stamped, which could mean it is dated from 1894 (1994 and 1794 unlikely for this style of bottle). Both bottles are still stoppered.
The final bottle has straight sides, very pronounced and acutely rounded shoulders, a slightly bulging neck and a ringed finish with cork still intact. The bottle is squat in profile, with a length of 230 mm and a width of 80 mm. This style is indicative of port bottles, and as such the bottle could contain liquor.These items were found with one stoneware salt glazed jar (MAS-D100132), three stoneware bottles (MAS-D100156) and part of a metal fork (MAS-D100134).Container39411894316/173MAS2017-10-18T00:00:00ZStorage container. Food and liquid storage containerWith finder2017-10-23T17:13:40Z2020-03-27T15:17:55Z13311814414115PAS5C50379B001E6C2MAS MASMASGlass10879Wood11988BlownCompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNx41047Diving156_IMG_3550Large.JPG357images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-03-27T15:17:55.406Zfinds-129129MAS-D100129BOTTLESPOST MEDIEVALTwo bottles with dark glass. Both appear to be 250 mm from finish to base and 50 mm in diameter. One bottle is dark green and the other black. Both have been encrusted and marked with biological activity, which could be mistaken for ornate symbols and badges. Neither are corked or stoppered. Both are very similar in style with straight bodies, rounded and slightly abrupt shoulders that lead into slightly bulging necks before an applied wine finish. From this shape and size, both bottles are assumed to be wine bottles, or perhaps liquor bottles from the 19-20th century.
The finish of the bottles is what's known as a packer finish. The primary diagnostic feature of the packer finish is that it has the same diameter from top to bottom (no flare) and is moderately tall. The outside surface of the finish is generally flat, though can sometimes be very slightly concave or convex. The packer finish can be found on just about any type or class of bottle that held liquid or semi-liquid products. This style of finish can also be found on bottles dating from the mid-19th century through the early machine-made bottle era (i.e, up through the 1920s). Thus, the style by itself has little utility for either dating or typing (https://sha.org/bottle/finishstyles.htm#English%20Ring Accessed March 2020). If the bottles have kicked bases, it would indicate a wine bottle, while a flat base would indicate a beer bottle.This items was found with two bowls (MAS-D100127), one brass hinge (MAS-D100128), one ceramic mug (MAS-D100130) and one copper lid (MAS-D100150).3941312/173MAS2017-09-30T00:00:00Z2017-10-09T15:46:29Z2020-03-27T15:16:52Z12950250118414515PAS5C50379B001E6C2MAS MASMASGlass10879BlownCompleteEncrustedNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNx41047Diving129_allmaterial.JPG756images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-03-27T15:16:52.382Zfinds-4747MAS-D100047BOWLNINETEENTH CENTURYSeven Chinese style bowls most likely to be made of porcelain. There is a parallel for the base mark that looks as though it's imitating Chinese porcelain marks. This is the mark of Charles Meigh of Hanley, Staffordshire, operating between 1835-49, but it was also used by the preceding company, J. Meigh and Son (c.1805-34) and the succeeding company, Charles Meigh and Son (1851-61) (Godden 1964, 428-429). The CM mark in the '..CASTER' stamp suggests that it's Charles Meigh, which puts the date just before the wreck date.This item was found along with two stoneware jars (MAS-D100046) and were recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis. Other objects similar in style to the ceramic recorded here have also been recovered on different occasions from this wreck site (MAS-D100048, MAS-D100054, MAS-D100058, MAS-D100059) along with other non-ceramic objects including candlesticks, a deadeye and three square portholes.
The Josephine Willis was a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten First class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis.CONTAINER3939180518561118/173MAS2017-06-03T00:00:00ZFOOD SERVING CONTAINER1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-06-03T17:39:00Z2017-09-26T13:20:13Z4712772752843215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR183051.02800971.10748152immature.twang.uncouth10MAS MASMASCeramic10539OtherCompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck47_terracottawithbowls.jpg156images/MASLR2017-11-06T18:19:39.922Zfinds-4242MAS-D100042BOWLNINETEENTH CENTURYFragment of white ceramic bowl or lid marked with black and white geometric design and number '23'. Number appears to be hand-painted or stamped. Found loose on the seabed with a little marine growth present. This is a naval issue bowl probably used for drinking rather than smaller, handled cups, as they were more practical on board a ship. The number refers to the mess number, and the bowls were designed to be stored upside-down. The find dates to the late 19th or 20th century.CONTAINER39411119/173MAS2017-05-03T00:00:00ZFOOD SERVING CONTAINERWith finder2017-05-29T15:59:39Z2017-09-26T13:19:10Z425110160152811315PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B214362DorsetSZ057950.6106936-1.93069645excuse.snore.bookings10MAS MASMASCeramic10539GeometricFragmentPoorNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckLid3.jpg147images/MASLR2017-11-06T18:19:59.264Zfinds-194194MAS-D100194BOWLNINETEENTH CENTURYOne complete round bowl with a diameter of 241.3 mm and one part of a broken plate, both displaying the markers mark. Both pieces of ceramics have dark coloured decorative bands running around the outside and inside rim and have fractal cracks present. The white ceramic also has brown blemishes in places, but overall is in fair condition. The symbol crest in the centre of the bowl is a shield with "H.A.P. A.G" inscribed, overlying an anchor. "H.A.P. A.G" refers to The Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt Aktien Gesellschaft; a German shipping company that operated from 1847 until 1970. It is more than likely that these pieces were part of the vessel's everyday tableware.This find was recovered from the wreck of SS Pomerania, a German ocean liner steamer built in 1873 by J. Caird & Co., in Greenock. This vessel was one of many owned by the Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt Actien Gesellschaft (HAPAG); a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg in 1847 that transported hundreds of thousands of emigrants from Germany, Scandinavia, and eastern Europe to the United States, Canada, Latin America, and other destinations around the world. The ship sank in 1878, 5 miles SE of Folkestone whilst carrying 109 passengers and 111 crew en route from New York to Cherbourg and Hamburg, last from Plymouth, following a collision with Welsh barque Moel Eilian and resulting in the loss of 55 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Pomerania.Container3939231135/183MAS2018-06-23T00:00:00ZBOWL883110Kent HER Number: TR 33 SW 26With finder2018-06-23T15:30:03Z2020-02-19T14:53:54Z194154115PAS5C50379B001E6C218210KentTR102650.9950660.99125136streamers.tanked.swan10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYMiddleLateNINETEENTH CENTURYDiving194_IMG_01.jpg476images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-02-19T14:53:54.326Zfinds-229229MAS-D100229BOWLNINETEENTH CENTURYFour pieces of hand-decorated tableware. There are two bowls of 75 mm diameter and 55 mm high. The other two pieces are two pearly white plates with 122 mm diameter. They probably belong to the cargo or tableware of the wreck SS Strathclyde that sank in 1876 thereofre can be dated to the end of the 19th century. Any stamps or markings on the base of the tableware would give more inidcation as to the location and date of manufacture.This items was found with three glass bottles (MAS-D100230), one stoneware bottle (MAS-D100231) and four stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100232).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.Container39392318701786291/183MAS2018-09-17T00:00:00ZFood preparation and consumption813607Kent HER: TR 33 NW 232018-10-02T08:20:07Z2020-03-26T11:34:15Z22945245215PAS5C50379B001E6C218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASCeramic10539FloralCompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYMiddleLateNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingDonated to a museum229_bowl_1.jpg595images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-03-26T11:34:15.995Zfinds-124124MAS-O100124BRASSPOST MEDIEVALOne ornate brass piece. The piece has an aperture in the middle, in the centre of a circular disc which is itself recessed slightly into the surface. The disc extends laterally into two leaf-shaped limbs, which are decoratively styled and form curved arrows at their tips. At the end of each limb there is a circular hole, which was likely used to fasten the brass piece to its host object. These holes are countersunk, presumably to accommodate the heads of screws. The piece is approximately 90 mm in length, with a width of 40 mm and thickness of 2 mm. The diameter of the two larger holes on the limbs is 5mm approximately, and the diameter of the central hole is around 2-3 mm, with the central disc of the piece having a diameter of 4 mm.
Whilst by no means certain, this object appears to be a fitting for an item of furniture. The recess around the central hole appears to be designed to accommodate the base of a circular or spherical/hemispherical object, suggestive of a handle or knob, while the two other holes are for securing the brass plate to the item of furniture. This, therefore, may be a bracket for a drawer or door handle on an item of furniture.3641320/173MAS2017-09-08T00:00:00Z2017-09-11T19:19:58Z2020-03-27T15:02:05Z12424090174115PAS5C5037EF001C032SW822050.04012553-5.04588056loaning.rounds.drifters6MAS MASMASCopper alloy10627CastCompletePOST MEDIEVALx41047MODERNx41047Diving124_IMG_01.jpg324images/MASPhil Trim2020-03-27T15:02:05.708Zfinds-3939MAS-D100039CANDLESTICKNINETEENTH CENTURYTwo mass produced glass candlesticks; one blue and one green that is badly damaged presumably having spent at least a century underwater. No further information is known about them at this time.Along with another candlestick (MAS-D100041), a gin bottle (MAS-D100053) and many ceramic objects, these two candlesticks have been recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis, a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten 1st class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis.HEATING AND LIGHTING393918561090/173MAS2017-05-22T00:00:00ZUPRIGHT CANDLESTICK1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-05-22T13:41:20Z2017-09-26T13:13:38Z39218284115PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR102650.9950660.99125136streamers.tanked.swan10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck39_ajt8i16gs0sg.jpg134images/MASABB2017-11-06T18:20:11.395Zfinds-4141MAS-O100041CANDLESTICKNINETEENTH CENTURYOne green glass candlestick measuring 5.5 inches high and 3.5 inches wide. This candlestick is thought to date to the 19th century.This item was found along with a gin bottle (MAS-D100053) and is similar to other candlesticks discovered (MAS-D100039). All of these items were recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis, a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten First class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis.HEATING AND LIGHTING39391856092/173MAS2017-05-28T00:00:00ZUPRIGHT CANDLESTICK1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-05-29T08:46:26Z2017-09-26T13:14:17Z41118284215PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR183051.02800971.10748152immature.twang.uncouth10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck41_f3yhwrzgu1vk.jpg140images/MASABB2017-11-06T18:20:03.233Zfinds-180180MAS-D100180CANNONPOST MEDIEVALThis item appears to be a small calibre black powder weapon, such as a swivel gun, commonly mounted on vessels throughout the age of sail as well as being used in terrestrial settings. The weapon is approximately 750 mm in overall length, with external muzzle diameter of approximately 110 mm flaring to an external diameter of 180 mm at the breech end. The condition of the artefact is poor due to heave concretion, though visual analysis suggests it is a muzzle loading gun. No Trunnions for mounting the weapon are immediately apparent despite the concretion.
As their name suggests, swivel guns were small cannons mounted on iron staves or sticks so that the point of aim could be quickly and easily changed. They are essentially close in defence weapons, designed to be fired over short distances to deter attempts to board the vessel which they are defending. Commonly the ammunition used would be cannister, a small case packed with musket balls or the like, which upon firing would spread out in a cone potentially hitting multiple targets. Such a weapon would be particularly effective against small boats or boarding parties where large numbers of enemies would be packed together.This find comes from an unidentified wreck known as the Brandy Wreck, situated east of Portland Harbour in Weymouth Bay, Dorset. An investigation of the newly discovered wreck was carried out by Wessex Archaeology (2016) in conjunction with The Shipwreck Project, a local organisation who discovered the site, and at the behest of Historic England. The lack of datable evidence from secure contexts, structural elements of a vessel and other factors meant that a precise date or name of the vessel could not be determined. Broadly, the vessel is thought to date between 1600 and 1825 AD and may relate to a naval or merchant vessel, or potentially be a chance accumulation of artefacts. Vessel currently has no NRHE or HER designation numbers.
This item was found with a ships timber (MAS-D100177), length of braided copper (MAS-D100183) and a flat strip of copper (MAS-D100184).ARMOUR AND WEAPONS36391091/183MAS2018-05-22T00:00:00ZfirearmN/AWith Finder2018-06-01T08:40:20Z2020-03-26T15:57:58Z180180750183715214362DorsetSY737550.57411317-2.38265074commander.evening.twist10MAS MASMASIron11019UncertainConcretedPOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047Diving180_IMG_2029.jpg441images/MAS2020-03-26T15:57:58.537Zfinds-3030MAS-O100030CANNON BALLPOST MEDIEVALSpherical ball composed of sandstone or igneous rock such as granite. The shot measures 50 mm in circumference and would date to the post medieval period.
Stone shot was carved by hand using chisels and picks, often being finished once on board a vessel. The use of stone was phased out around the 1630s when iron became a more favourable choice for shot.ARMOUR AND WEAPONS36361035/173MAS2016-10-29T00:00:00ZAMMUNITIONWith finder2017-03-07T10:37:59Z2017-08-15T10:45:03Z305012284815PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS59897C8A001BBB2MAS MASMASStone11794Hand madeCompleteFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047POST MEDIEVALx41047x41047Coastal walkingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckCannonballKarengwawremailadd.jpg91images/MASABB2017-11-06T18:21:17.587Zfinds-115115MAS-D100115CARTRIDGENINETEENTH CENTURYImages of this find were sent to Trevor Parker of the Ordnance Society. He confirmed that these three shell cases belong to a six-pounder Hotchkiss gun. This particular type of gun was introduced in 1884 for use against torpedo boats. They were used during First World War on the Arethusa and early 'C' class cruisers and a few submarines as well as on Monitors M.15 through M.33. Originally French in origin, they were introduced to Britain in 1886 (Tucker 2013). Many were subsequently used as sub-calibre and saluting guns which meant that they were still available in 1939 (Naval Weapons, Naval Technology and Naval reunions webpage, accessed September 2017).
Although these cartridges are empty, there is a good chance that their primers are live.The evidence for this is that they all have their primer protectors in place.These are three-legged covers that clip over the base and have a domed area in the middle that sits over the primer in the middle of the case bottom, to prevent accidental striking of the primer before it's loaded (War Office 2003). The edges of these clips are visible on all three cases and would have been removed before firing. This raises the question of where the shells have gone if they were not fired. The shells would have been held firmly in place therefore it has been suggested that these shell cases are of some age, dating back to the early 1900s, shortly after this type of gun appeared and that the actual shells have rusted away completely.These items were recovered from the wreck of SS Unity, a British transport steamship built in 1902 by Murdoch & Murray, Glasgow. On 2 May 1918, whilst on a voyage from Newhaven to Calais with a cargo of ordnance, SS Unity was sunk by the German submarine UB57, with the loss of 12 lives.
NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Unity.
The location of SS Unity was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.Armour and weapons39411236/173MAS2017-08-26T00:00:00ZAmmunition901741Kent HER Number: TR 21 NE 1With finder2017-09-08T08:39:56Z2017-10-05T11:37:37Z11534037284515PAS5989C577001EA7PAS59C90C510011A3218210KentTR261750.908207411.21330846cramped.inflatables.couriers10MAS MASMASCopper alloy10627CompleteEncrustedNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_2984.JPG307images/MASLR2018-03-19T13:04:35.56Zfinds-1111MAS-100011CLAY PIPE (SMOKING)NINETEENTH CENTURYThis is a very worn example of a 'cutty' (short) pipe (total length 115 mm) with a round-based spurless bowl imitating a briar pipe, and decorated with multiple 'thorns' - small pointed protrusions around the stem and bowl. This type of bowl was in use between c. 1850 and 1910 (Atkinson and Oswald 1969: type 30), and the thorn design was one of the many decorative types popular during this period (e.g. Ayto 1994:11; Hammond 2009: figure 7).
Clay tobacco pipes were manufactured (using two-piece moulds) in huge quantities in many towns and cities around the UK and were also imported from the Continent. They were cheap, highly disposable items, often given away with a pint of beer by the local publican. The short 'cutty' pipes were popular with working men as they could be smoked while working, whereas the longer pipes were more for smoking at leisure.
This clay pipe was found approximately 250 m outside the offshore designated area for the HMS Coronation wreck site. The period of the pipe's manufacture confirms that it is not associated with this vessel, which was wrecked in 1691. The pipe's location is thought to be within an extensive dumping site featuring artefacts dating from the 19th century through to the modern period.Although the clay pipe is not associated with HMS Coronation, there is still the potential for small and delicate items to be discovered beyond the extent of the protected areas that may be associated with the wreck.
HMS Coronation was an English Royal Navy Second Rate ship of the line, armed with 90 guns. Built at Portsmouth Dockyard and launched in 1685, it was wrecked in a storm in 1691 off Rame Head, Cornwall, with the loss of approximately 600 lives (Lavery 1983: 162).
After the discovery of the site in 1967, it was protected in 1978 under the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 (1978 - Coronation offshore Site 17; 1989 - Coronation inshore Site 33). The offshore site has an exclusion zone radius of 150 m, while the inshore site has an exclusion zone radius of 250 m. Divers may apply for a licence to visit these sites.
The NRHE and Cornwall & Scilly HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of HMS Coronation.Dress and personal accessories3941185019101298/163MAS2016-09-23T00:00:00ZPersonal accessory1082129; 1082130Cornwall & Scilly HER Number: SX 44 NW 53; SX 44 NW 54With finder2016-09-28T13:16:16Z2016-10-12T14:23:58Z111151528439115PAS57BC1B67001A23PAS57BC1E1600176F243750CornwallSX434850.31098713-4.20632722strict.crackles.falters10MAS MASMASCeramic10539OtherMouldedCompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckWP_20160926_16_45_23_Pro.jpg29images/MASMF2017-11-06T18:24:46.443Zfinds-8585MAS-D100085CLAY PIPE (SMOKING)NINETEENTH CENTURYA selection of seven clay pipes.
Two of the pipes are of 'Irish' type (Atkinson and Oswald 1969, type 31, dated post-1840), with spurs and milled bowl rims, and the remaining five are of a spur-less form copying the briar pipe (ibid., type 30, dated c. 1850-1910). All of the clay pipes are 'cutty' (short) pipes. The spur-less examples are all stamped with the mark 'H B W Russell Co.'. This appears to be the mark of an agent or retailer rather than the pipe manufacturer (as is more usual). H. B. W. Russell may have a connection with Liverpool - pipes stamped 'HBW Russell of Liverpool' have been found in Ghana (Basford 2012), but the company also had a base in Cape Town (Micots 2010).These items were found with three cylindrical glass bottles (MAS-D100084), the lid of a ceramic serving dish MAS-D100087) and two green glass gin bottles (MAS-D100101). DRESS AND PERSONAL ACCESSORIES394113MAS2017-08-06T00:00:00ZPIPE (SMOKING)With finder2017-08-11T10:45:35Z2017-12-07T16:38:35Z8513075284215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_2279.JPG205images/MASLR2017-12-07T16:38:35.418Zfinds-44MAS-100004CLAY PIPE (SMOKING)POST MEDIEVALAll three white pipes here are complete, and are of the short or 'cutty' form. Two carry relief moulded decoration featuring Masonic emblems (incorporating the crossed compass and square), while the third is in the form of a male head, wearing a thin-brimmed cap, possibly a military figure. Pipes with Masonic emblems were made from the mid-18th century in the UK, but remained popular into the early 20th century, while the male head falls into a group of more elaborate decorative pipes with bowls moulded in the form of human heads and animals, common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Such decorative pipes would have been commonly exported.
Tobacco was grown in West Africa from the 17th century; the inhabitants made their own pipes, the manufacture evolving from that of pottery vessels, but they also imported some through the Atlantic trade (Knight 2010, 67). The inclusion here of the Masonic pipes is of interest; their use was not necessarily confined to Freemasons, but it is likely that they would have been of greater significance to smokers for whom the symbols they bore had meaning (White and Beaudry 2009, 220).These clay pipes were recovered from the wreck Loanda, along with 26 beads recorded as MAS-1F5444. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.Dress and personal accessories3641175019081196/163MAS2016-07-12T00:00:00ZPersonal accessory901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112With finder2016-07-28T14:12:59Z2019-01-29T13:01:43Z4401253528439115PAS57BC1B67001A23PAS57BC1E1600176F218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS-A50DBFMAS MASMASCeramic10539OtherMouldedCompleteFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047MODERNx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckP1050093.JPG3images/MASMF2019-01-29T13:01:43.692Zfinds-196196MAS-D100196CLAY PIPE (SMOKING)NINETEENTH CENTURYFive small smoking pipes that are complete, four small smoking pipes that are broken, one large smoking pipe that is complete, six large smoking pipe that are broken. The pipes are mainly derived from two different styles: the long-stemmed style and the short-stemmed. The longer-stemmed bears no decoration or cartouche, along with absence of heel. The bowl is large, owing perhaps to the fall in tobacco prices in the 19th century and would have most likely been a cheap item.
The shorter-stemmed pipes display ornate decoration on the bowl, in the form of a hatted head, and are made from darker clay. The bowls are at a sharper angle to stem, nearly 90 degrees in most cases. The male head on five of the pipes have previously thought to represent a military figures or the head of a French soldier. They fall into a group of more elaborate decorative pipes with bowls moulded in the form of human heads and animals, common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Such decorative pipes would have been commonly exported and it is believed that all of these pipes represent a vessels cargo.All of these items were recovered from the wreck Loanda. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.
This item was found with six gin bottles (MAS-D100197) and fragments of a porcelain cup (MAS-D100198).DRESS AND PERSONAL ACCESSORIES39391136/183MAS2018-06-24T00:00:00ZPipe (smoking)901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112With finder2018-07-04T07:59:40Z2020-03-26T13:03:48Z19616194115PAS5C50379B001E6C218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS MASMASEarthenwareCompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDiving196_IMG_6641.JPG500images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-03-26T13:03:48.967Zfinds-7979MAS-D100079CLAY PIPE (SMOKING)NINETEENTH CENTURYAll three pipes here are complete and are of the short or 'cutty' form. Two of the pipes measure 100 mm and have bowls in the form of a male head, wearing a thin-brimmed cap, while the third, which measures 120 mm, has a simple impression pattern around the outside of the rim. The male head on two of the pipes has previously been thought to represent a military figure or the head of a French soldier. They fall into a group of more elaborate decorative pipes with bowls moulded in the form of human heads and animals, that were common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Such decorative pipes would have been commonly exported.
Tobacco was grown in West Africa from the 17th century, where the inhabitants made their own pipes. The manufacture evolved from that of pottery vessels, but they also imported some through the Atlantic trade (Knight 2010, 67), which is likely what these pipes represent.These items were found with five gin bottles (MAS-D100063) and two perfume bottles (MAS-D100080).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck Loanda. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.
NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.DRESS AND PERSONAL ACCESSORIES39411185/173MAS2017-07-12T00:00:00ZPIPE (SMOKING)901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108With finder2017-07-15T15:13:43Z2020-03-30T14:10:58Z79100352847115PAS5989C577001EA7PAS5989C577001EA7218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS MASMASCeramic10539FigurativeCompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck63_Pipe2.jpg178images/MASLR2020-03-30T13:10:58.804Zfinds-173173MAS-D100173CLOCKNINETEENTH CENTURYThis record refers to the clock parts recovered as part of a group of finds. The finder described the items as 6 clock parts, the square glass from the clock face and the copper clock face from a grandfather clock, which suggests these finds represent parts of two separate clocks.
Three of the clock parts, manufactured in a copper alloy, are circular and bear teeth around their circumference indicating they are part of the clockwork mechanism. Two other parts, also in copper alloy, are circular but without evidence of teeth. One has three screw holes arranged around a central circular aperture and a ridge running around its circumference. The verdigris corrosion on this item only affects one half of the object, suggesting that it has been partially protected whilst on the seabed. The remaining item is considerably more corroded, though it still appears to be made from a copper alloy. It comprises a hollow circle with a band dividing the central aperture in equal halves, opposite the end of this band are two circular fixing points with screw holes attached to the outside central circular element. The central band has a square hole in its centre, which is unlikely to be much more than 5 mm across. There is an additional element that obscures the upper half of the central circular element which cannot be accurately described from the object.
The sixth clock part described by the finder is a flat copper alloy plate with a minimum of 18 holes drilled into it in addition to two square, one rectangular and one open rectangular aperture/s. At the top of the item is what appears to be a latch or clip. This object appears to be part of the mounting for the mechanism, and several of the drilled holes bear the shadows of where bolts and screws would have been attached. Most notably though is the inscription S Thomas, Thomaston C, US which can be observed. This refers to the manufacturer of the time piece, the Seth Thomas Clock Company, details of which are described in the next section.
A square piece of glass is described by the finder as being the clock face associated with the clock parts described above. Consultation online with examples of clocks manufactured by S Thomas support this use for the glass, as some of their models do have square faces.
The final object relating to clocks is a large oval ring of copper alloy which is described by the finder as the clock face from a grandfather clock. Its size, in comparison to the glass face, would certainly suggest it is from a different larger time piece. To the bottom right of the photograph it is possible to observe a hinge on the outside of the ring, whilst diametrically opposite a possible catch can be seen. These features suggest an opening element, presumably holding an oval glass clock face, may have attached to the recovered item. No other diagnostic features are immediately apparent from the photo provided.All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Pomerania, a German ocean liner steamer built in 1873 by J. Caird & Co., in Greenock. This vessel was one of many owned by the Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt Actien Gesellschaft (HAPAG); a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg in 1847 that transported hundreds of thousands of emigrants from Germany, Scandinavia, and eastern Europe to the United States, Canada, Latin America, and other destinations around the world. The ship sank in 1878, 5 miles SE of Folkestone whilst carrying 109 passengers and 111 crew en route from New York to Cherbourg and Hamburg, last from Plymouth, following a collision with Welsh barque Moel Eilian and resulting in the loss of 55 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Pomerania.
Seth Thomas Clock Company - One of the clock pieces identified from this find bears the inscription S Thomas, Thomaston C, US. Seth Thomas (1785-1859) was a clock maker from Plymouth Hollow, Connecticut, USA. He began making clocks at his site in 1814 and established the company in 1853, which was passed to his sons and continued as a family business into the 20th century. In 1931 the company became a subsidiary of the General Time Instruments Corporation and eventually passed from family control, General Time announced its closure in 2001. Shortly after the death of the company's founder in 1865, the town of Plymouth Hollow was renamed Thomaston in his honour. This then firmly dates the manufacture of this clock to between 1865 and 1878 when the Pomerania sank. (http://www.nationalclockrepair.com/Seth_Thomas_Clock_History.php accessed January 2020).
These items were found with a spoon/fork handle (MAS-D100174), a decorative lead object (MAS-D100146) and crockery fragments ( MAS-D100138).S THOMAS/THOMASTON C/USMEASUREMENT393923186518781320/173MAS2018-03-26T00:00:00ZAn instrument used to measure the passing of time.883110Kent HER Number: TR 33 SW 26With finder2018-05-02T10:10:08Z2020-04-09T12:32:54Z173172315PAS5C5037EF001C03218210KentTR232951.017114981.17805502devoting.snowstorm.sobbing10MAS MASMASCopper alloy10627IncompletePoorNINETEENTH CENTURYMiddleLateNINETEENTH CENTURYDiving173_IMG_6351.jpg434images/MASPhil Trim2020-04-09T11:32:54.955Zfinds-191191MAS-D100191COINNINETEENTH CENTURYThis find comprises of a single gold coin from the USA with a value of $10. This 1847 minted coin was created for standard circulation and measures 27 mm in diameter with a weight of 16.72 grammes, the coin is minted in an alloy of 90% gold and 10% copper. It is of a type known as a Coronet Head - Eagle, based on the depictions on each face. The head side shows a side profile of lady liberty wearing a coront inscribed with the word "LIBERTY", the obverse bearing a spread eagle with a crest upon it and the words "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TEN D." inscribed around the circumference of the coin. The edge of the coin is finished with a pattern known as reeding. A total of 862,258 of these coins were minted in 1847 and these are considered to be of high value due to their rarity. Another batch of coins was produced in the same year but bear the letter O below the eagle on the obverse face (https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces16125.html accessed 10 March 2020). The engraving of the master coin was carried out by a Christian Gobrecht and the coins were minted in Philadelphia (https://www.usacoinbook.com/coins/4090/gold-10-eagle/coronet-head/1847-P/ accessed 10 March 2020).
It is not clear why the SS Pomerania was carrying such a coin, though the vessel carried passengers between Europe and the United States. It may have belonged to a passenger, although as the vessel was en route to the USA this would have required changing currency prior to departure. Alternatively it may have belonged to a crew member or the vessel itself for purchasing supplies and the like whilst in US ports.This item was recovered from the wreck of SS Pomerania, a German ocean liner steamer built in 1873 by J. Caird & Co., in Greenock. This vessel was one of many owned by the Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt Actien Gesellschaft (HAPAG); a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg in 1847 that transported hundreds of thousands of emigrants from Germany, Scandinavia, and eastern Europe to the United States, Canada, Latin America, and other destinations around the world. The ship sank in 1878, 5 miles SE of Folkestone whilst carrying 109 passengers and 111 crew en route from New York to Cherbourg and Hamburg, last from Plymouth, following a collision with Welsh barque Moel Eilian and resulting in the loss of 55 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Pomerania.
This item was found with an unidentified object, possibly part of a watch chain (MAS-D100192).CURRENCY3939184718471134/183MAS2018-06-21T00:00:00ZCOIN883110Kent HER Number: TR 33 SW 26With finder2018-06-21T19:59:24Z2020-03-26T13:23:29Z16.721912712353410215PAS5C50379B001E6C218210KentTR102650.9950660.99125136streamers.tanked.swan10MAS MASMASGold10892Copper10626StampedCompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDiving191_191_IMG_01.jpg462images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-03-26T13:23:29.684Zfinds-190190MAS-D100190CONTAINERSPOST MEDIEVALThis find is a figurine measuring 145 mm in length with a diameter of 65mm. It depicts a man wearing a three cornered hat with holes in its top. In consultation with Wessex Archaeology finds specialist, Lorraine Mepham, this item has been identified as a 19th century Toby jug pepper pot figure, probably dating to around 1840 - 1860. For some unknown reason the figurine has lost most of its colour, as it's more usual to see these figures with different coloured clothing to go with the blue jacket. Research has found that these are commonly known as "Staffordshire" Toby pepper pots and that the figure is actually holding a mug of ale. It should have a hole in the bottom where the cork would have been placed once filled. As this figure was found in isolation, it is not clear whether it was part of the sunken vessel's cargo, a posession of the crew/passengers, a mess item, or an object discarded/lost over an earlier wreck site by chance.This item was found with engine part (MAS-D100193).Container39391118/183MAS2018-06-03T00:00:00ZFOOD SERVING CONTAINERWith finder2018-06-21T15:58:31Z2020-03-26T13:11:07Z19065145152115PAS5C503E21001138PAS5E4D4FFA001DA522625East SussexTV768950.674056230.48951592undersigned.participation.rapidity10MAS MASMASCeramic10539IncompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYx41047Diving190_190_IMG_01.JPG467images/MASJoaquin Callejo Gomez2020-03-26T13:11:07.795Zfinds-138138MAS-D100138CONTAINERSNINETEENTH CENTURYTwo shards of crockery with makers mark present. The stamp is made up of letters "H A P A G" and a stylised admiralty anchor which has a wooden stock behind a shield. "H.A.P. A.G" refers to The Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt Aktien Gesellschaft; a German shipping company that operated from 1847 until 1970. The stamps would have been on the base of the corckery therefore it is not clear whether these pieces would have belonged to bowls or plates when they were in use. The shards are white, with dark flecked inclusions and yellowish patches. It is more than likely that these pieces were part of the vessel's everyday tableware.All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Pomerania, a German ocean liner steamer built in 1873 by J. Caird & Co., in Greenock. This vessel was one of many owned by the Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt Actien Gesellschaft (HAPAG); a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg in 1847 that transported hundreds of thousands of emigrants from Germany, Scandinavia, and eastern Europe to the United States, Canada, Latin America, and other destinations around the world. The ship sank in 1878, 5 miles SE of Folkestone whilst carrying 109 passengers and 111 crew en route from New York to Cherbourg and Hamburg, last from Plymouth, following a collision with Welsh barque Moel Eilian and resulting in the loss of 55 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Pomerania.
This item was found with a decorative lead object (MAS-D100146), six clock parts (MAS-D100173), and a fork or spoon handle (MAS-D100174).CONTAINER39411320/173MAS2018-03-26T00:00:00ZFOOD AND DRINK SERVING CONTAINER883110Kent HER Number: TR 33 SW 26With finder2018-05-02T10:10:08Z2020-03-26T16:11:45Z138251115PAS5C50379B001E6C218210KentTR232951.017114981.17805502devoting.snowstorm.sobbing10MAS MASMASCeramic10539FragmentFairNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDiving173_IMG_6356.JPG431images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-03-26T16:11:45.896Zfinds-1818MAS-100018COSTRELPOST MEDIEVALA salt-glazed stoneware barrel costrel, almost certainly German and probably dating to the 17th century. Recovered in 1966 during a dive at a depth of approximately 50-60 ft, and found in association with two lots of cannon, cannonballs and lead sheeting.EMContainer36361600169913MAS2016-10-19T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage containerWith finder2016-10-21T13:09:27Z2018-05-23T14:04:36Z181202829152-2.4749.45namely.bumps.misnamedMAS MASMASStonewareMouldedIncompletePOST MEDIEVALx41047POST MEDIEVALx41047x41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckMAS100018a.jpg66images/MAS2020-09-08T15:39:33.98Zfinds-4848MAS-D100048CUPNINETEENTH CENTURYEleven teacups measuring 4 inches x 3 inches in size. The cups have a Chinese style design with a light grey colour pattern, and appear to be made of porcelain (although this has not been confirmed). Similar in decorative style to the bowls recorded as MAS-D100047, it is assumed that these teacups were made by either Charles Meigh of Hanley, Staffordshire (1835-49), the preceding company, J. Meigh and Son (c.1805-34), or the succeeding company, Charles Meigh and Son (1851-61) (Godden 1964, 428-429).These items were found along with four milk jugs of a similar style (MAS-D100054) and were recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis. Other items similar in style to the ceramic recorded here have also been recovered on different occasions from this wreck site (MAS-D100047, MAS-D100058 and MAS-D100059) along with other non-ceramic objects including candlesticks, a deadeye and three square portholes.
The Josephine Willis was a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten First class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis.CONTAINER363918561121/173MAS2017-06-04T00:00:00ZROUNDED CUP1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-06-04T14:40:20Z2017-09-26T13:21:29Z48115284215PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR183051.02800971.10748152immature.twang.uncouth10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteGoodPOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck48_6btxqbz9feyo.jpg158images/MASABB2017-11-06T18:19:36.647Zfinds-198198MAS-D100198CUPNINETEENTH CENTURYFind consists of a fragment of a porcelain cup, representing about 1/4 - 1/3 of the total vessel including a complete base bearing a backstamp of BRYONIA U & C. Though only partially surviving, what remains is in fair condition with evidence of slight encrustation around the base. No scale was provided, however, other examples of this pattern and manufacturer have a diameter of c. 75 mm. The U & C inscription refers to Utzschneider & Co, a company based originally in Sarreguemines, North East France. This region was previously part of Alsace-Lorraine and therefore the manufacture of this vessel would have likely have been in Germany. The company name existed between 1800 and 1919 and therefore this vessel likely dates to the later part of this period due to the date the ship from which it was recovered sank. The pattern on the cup is known as Black Mulberry Bryonia Pattern, to which the BRYONIA inscription refers.All of these items were recovered from the wreck Loanda. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.
This item was found with 16 clay pipes (MAS-D100196) and six gin bottles (MAS-D100197).FOOD PREPARATON AND CONSUMPTION39411180019081136/183MAS2018-06-24T00:00:00ZDrinking vessel901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112With finder2018-07-04T07:59:42Z2020-03-26T13:02:14Z19875151315PAS5C5037EF001C03218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS MASMASCeramic10539FragmentPoorNINETEENTH CENTURYEarlyMODERNDiving196_IMG_6645.JPG499images/MASPhil Trim2020-03-26T13:02:14.084Zfinds-174174MAS-D100174CUTLERYNINETEENTH CENTURYThis record refers to the handle of a metal spoon or fork included within this group of finds. The diagnostic end of the piece is broken and therefore is uncertain whether this is a fork or spoon, and a lack of measurements precludes determining whether this is a tea or desert size in terms of spoon , or cake or main course size of fork. The fabric of the item, though slightly coroded, has a yellowish colour which may indicate gold or gold plating has been used in its manufacture. Alternatively, given the verdigris colour of the corrosion, may have been constructed in a copper alloy or have had silver plating which can also corrode to a similar colour. There may be a hallmark or makers mark stamped on the back of the object that may shed more light on where it was manufactured. The date of this item is given by the wreck from which it was recovered, which sank in 1878.All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Pomerania, a German ocean liner steamer built in 1873 by J. Caird & Co., in Greenock. This vessel was one of many owned by the Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt Actien Gesellschaft (HAPAG); a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg in 1847 that transported hundreds of thousands of emigrants from Germany, Scandinavia, and eastern Europe to the United States, Canada, Latin America, and other destinations around the world. The ship sank in 1878, 5 miles SE of Folkestone whilst carrying 109 passengers and 111 crew en route from New York to Cherbourg and Hamburg, last from Plymouth, following a collision with Welsh barque Moel Eilian and resulting in the loss of 55 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Pomerania.
This item was found with a clock (MAS-D100173), a decorative lead object (MAS-D100146) and crockery fragments (MAS-D100138).Spoon39391878320/173MAS2018-03-26T00:00:00Z883110Kent HER Number: TR 33 SW 262018-05-02T10:10:08Z2020-03-26T16:10:28Z174172415PAS5C5037EF001C03218210KentTR232951.017114981.17805502devoting.snowstorm.sobbing10MAS MASMASCopper alloy10627IncompleteCorrodedNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDiving174_IMG_6351.jpg741images/MASPhil Trim2020-03-26T16:10:29.018Zfinds-8787MAS-D100087DOMED LIDNINETEENTH CENTURYOne ceramic serving dish lid made of a refined whiteware with transfer-printed design in red.The term 'whiteware' is used in historical archaeology to denote refined ceramics with a whiter and denser body than pearlware that generally postdates c. 1830. Whiteware is a class of ceramic products that include porcelain and china. They are usually, but not necessarily white and consist typically of clays, feldspar, potter's flint, and whiting (calcium carbonate).This item was found with three cylindrical glass bottles (MAS-D100084), seven clay pipes (MAS-D100085) and two green glass gin bottles (MAS-D100101). UNASSIGNED394113MAS2017-08-06T00:00:00ZLIDWith finder2017-08-11T10:45:35Z2017-12-06T12:54:31Z8720515284115PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_2279.JPG237images/MASLR2017-12-06T12:54:31.628Zfinds-5151MAS-D100051DRINKING VESSELPOST MEDIEVALOne ivy leaf patterned teacup marked with the Davenport logo. This transfer printed refined ware (either pearlware or whiteware) cup dates to the 19th century. John Davenport acquired his own pottery in 1794, initially producing cream coloured blue-printed earthernware. Within 12 years the company's reputation and the quality of its porcelain was such that the future King George IV was ordering services from the company. John Davenport retired in 1830 and the company was continued to be run by his sons and their children until 1887 when the factory closed and the company was acquired by Burleigh Pottery.This item was found along with four square glass bottles (MAS-D100038).Container39391090/173MAS2017-05-21T00:00:00ZCUPWith finder2017-05-21T14:02:28Z2017-09-26T13:22:32Z5111928415PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR233651.079963081.18236287petty.jetting.hazy10MAS MASMASEarthenwareCompleteNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck38_8a0k1tqgoyrk.jpg133images/MASABB2017-11-06T18:19:26.673Zfinds-7878MAS-D100078EGG CUPNINETEENTH CENTURYOne egg cup made of a refined whiteware.The term 'whiteware' is used in historical archaeology to denote refined ceramics with a whiter and denser body than pearlware that generally postdates c.1830. Whiteware is a class of ceramic products that include porcelain and china. They are usually, but not necessarily white and consist typically of clays, feldspar, potter's flint, and whiting (calcium carbonate). It is not until the Victorian era that eggcups were mass marketed and regularly offered with dinnerware services. Companies, like Wedgwood and Haviland, produced eggcups and decorated them in the styles of their bestselling china patterns although the example recorded here appears to be undecorated. It is thought that this example may date to the 19th or 20th century.This item was found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074) and six bowls (MAS-D100076).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives.
NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.
The location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.FOOD PREPARATION AND CONSUMPTION (Class)39411173/173MAS2017-07-24T00:00:00ZFOOD SERVING CONTAINER813607Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23With finder2017-07-24T21:26:17Z2019-01-29T13:12:50Z781528415PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_1938.JPG235images/MASLR2019-01-29T13:12:50.495Zfinds-193193MAS-D100193ENGINENINETEENTH CENTURYUnidentified non-ferrous object that probably represents part of a ships engine or fixtures and fittings. It appears constructed from a copper alloy, measuring approximately 114 mm by 102 mm, being 52 mm in thickness. The open face of the item exhibits a circular central lug or axle measuring c. 38 mm in diameter, which extends c. 25 mm from the solid rear face. The open face bears a circular aperture, comprising approximately 270 degrees, which flairs out towards the outer edges of the object meeting the top left hand corner on the left side and meeting the edge on the right hand side approximately 25 mm from the upper edge. This circular aperture, with the lug at its centre, has a diameter of c. 95 mm. The interior of the object is not recessed beneath the edges of the aperture and therefore forms a a solid shape between the solid and open faces, conforming to the circumference of the aperture. The solid face, presumably forming the rear of the object, is approximately 6 mm thick. The outline of what may be a screw hole for affixing is visible 3 - 4 mm from the top edge just to right of centre on the solid face. The object has 3 closed and one open side, where the circular aperture flairs outwards. Of the closed sides two are straight, running at right angles to the opens side, with the remaining closed side opposite the open side being slightly curved. This slightly more aesthetically pleasing element may indicate that this is in fact the top edge of the object.
The intended function of the item is not immediately apparent, though clearly something is intended to either run through the object or pivot around the central lug. Though no firm identification has been established the suggested functions include a bearing case, a rail mount, a hinge pivot or a cable relay.This item was found with pepper pot (MAS-D100190).TRANSPORT3941118/183MAS2018-06-03T00:00:00ZVESSEL COMPONENTWith finder2018-06-21T20:58:32Z2020-03-26T13:10:03Z1021935111417415PAS5C5037EF001C0322625East SussexTV768950.674056230.48951592undersigned.participation.rapidity10MAS MASMASCopper alloy10627CompleteNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDiving193_193_IMG_01.JPG465images/MASPhil Trim2020-03-26T13:10:03.103Zfinds-11MAS-6105BAFIREARMNINETEENTH CENTURYThis gun is a QF (quick firing) 6-pounder Hotchkiss, a light 2.25 inch (57 mm) naval and coastal defence gun from the late 19th century. The design appears to be pre-1890 as it does not have the recoil system that was introduced at that time. The original 1885 Mk I was a built-up gun with a vertical sliding-block breech. The name comes from the French manufacturing company, Hotchkiss, who were the major supplier of light QF guns in the world. This type of gun became a standard torpedo defence weapon; many navies bought this same type of gun (Friedman 2011).This gun was ship mounted and from the location given may have come from the French merchant vessel, SS Saint Andre, a 2457 tons French, screw-driven cargo steamer. In France in 1915, it was decided to arm merchant ships with guns against U-boats. Initially, small naval guns were used, with French steamers of more than 500 tons being issued with two guns with a calibre of 90 mm or more in three stages. First, all ships were armed with at least one gun. These small-calibre guns (47 mm, 57 mm, 65 mm) were then replaced with one more powerful gun. Finally, all steamers were armed with a gun more powerful than 90 mm. In a two-year period between 1916 and 1918, over 1600 merchant ships received one gun and another 400 received a second (Friedman 2011).
SS Saint Andre was built by Ateliers & Chantiers de France, a company founded in 1880, in Dunkerque in 1907 as Yard No. 46. On 19 December 1917, SS Saint Andre was on a voyage from Rouen, France, to Algiers, Algeria, with a cargo of empty casks and barrels, when it was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine UB-58, commanded by Kapitänleutnant Werner Fürbringer, nine miles southwest of the Eddystone Lighthouse, Devon. At the time of sinking the vessel was owned by Société Navale de l'Ouest, Le Havre. Saint Andre now lies in approximately 70 m of water. NRHE and Cornwall HER reference numbers cited within this record refer to the wreck of SS Saint Andre. Due to the ambiguity of the gun having come from the wreck of SS Saint Andre, the chronology of the find is broader.Armour and weapons3941188519501150/163MAS2016-07-01T00:00:00ZProjectile weapon1257850Cornwall HER Number: SX 33 SE 77With finder2016-07-25T14:12:59Z2016-08-26T12:44:03ZPAS5796105B001ACC12482841414PAS57BC1B67001A23PAS57BC1E1600176F243750CornwallSX170749.93511828-4.55145117contemporary.rickety.muesli10MAS MASMASSteel11786Iron11019CastCompleteCorrodedNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNFishingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckMAS6105BA_Image1.jpg7images/MASMF2017-11-06T18:25:32.61Zfinds-1010MAS-100010FOOD AND DRINK SERVING CONTAINERROMANThis is a group of nine sherds of ceramic, of which six are samian ware (also called terra sigillata). Samian pottery is a mould-made, glossy red, mass-produced, fine tableware. It was first manufactured in northern Italy at the end of the 1st century BC, however by AD 43 production had moved to Gaul (France). The production of samian ware ended around AD 260.
The following interpretation is based on the photographs associated with this record. An examination of the fabric and surviving decorative elements may provide further information on the region of manufacture or production centre and the identity of the potter, which can indicate a more accurate date of production.
Images 1 & 4:
A sherd of the base of a samian vessel, form unknown. The easily legible name-stamp is that of Advocisus who worked at Lezoux (Central Gaul) c. AD 160 to AD 200.
Images 2 & 5:
Three decorated samian sherds that all appear to be from form 37 bowls and are suspected to be from Central Gaul. All three have surviving decorative elements.
Image 3:
This smaller samian base sherd was probably part of a cup form. Interestingly, it has been observed that samian cup forms are very strongly represented in the Essex region, especially at rural sites, to a degree not seen elsewhere (Willis 2004).
Image 5 (top right):
The form of this non-samian sherd suggests that it is of 1st or earlier 2nd century AD date.
Images 6 & 8:
This is a Roman jug rim that was probably made in Britain.
Image 7:
This is the rim of an imported Roman amphora. Amphora are a type of wheel-thrown container used for the transport and storage of liquids and dry products. As an inexpensive container for the transport of goods, they were broken up and discarded at their destination rather than being reused.Samian vessels are known to occur in structured deposits associated with water, and therefore are interpreted to have played a role in the activities undertaken at such locations (Willis 2004). In some instances, in Britain, samian ware was a selected and prominent element within assemblages deposited in wells or shafts and other wet places (Willis 2004). Food preparation and consumption2121-1003001037/173MAS2016-09-14T00:00:00ZContainer by functionWith finder2016-09-28T09:50:33Z2017-04-13T10:05:01Z10952813925PAS57BC1B67001A23219687EssexTQ818251.507938610.60677648workroom.fragments.went10MAS MASMASCeramic10539OtherMouldedFragmentGoodROMANx41218ROMANx41218x41218Coastal walkingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckMAS100010a.jpg27images/MASMF2017-11-06T18:24:51.595Zfinds-9999MAS-O100099HANDAXEPALAEOLITHICHeavily sea-rolled and worn worked flint tool, covered in chalk patination (see third image). The flint measures 80 mm long, 60 mm wide and 30 mm thick, and unfortunately about 20% of the working end has recently broken off. Due to wear and damage on this hand-worked tool it has been difficult to confidently identify. Bryan Popple of Bournemouth Natural Science Society and Museum believes it could possibly be Homo neanderthalensis dating to around 200,000 years bp (before present). The smaller size indicates typical Neanderthal workings in comparison to the larger and older Homo heidelbergensis handaxe previously reported as MAS-100062. The attached images shows both handaxes for comparison. The possible Neanderthal tool is the smaller darker tool. Matt Leivers, an in-house flint specialist at Wessex Archaeology was unsure whether the flint was a handaxe and would need to visually inspect the object in order to be certain.This item was found with a large handaxe (MAS-O100062).TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT223MAS2017-07-17T00:00:00ZCUTTING EQUIPMENTWith finder2017-08-05T22:49:25Z2018-05-23T14:00:54Z9930608011028225PAS5989C577001EA7PAS5ACF2C1A00167D217765HampshireSZ229350.73620009-1.68961218work.decompose.fish10MAS MASMASFlint10837IncompleteGoodPALAEOLITHICx14387PALAEOLITHICx14387x14387Coastal walkingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck_20170718_183454.JPG183images/MASLR2018-05-23T13:00:54.71Zfinds-6262MAS-O100062HANDAXEPALAEOLITHICLower Palaeolithic ovate handaxe dating to around 250,000 years bp (before present). Patina evident on its surface indicates that the tool has been deposited in chalk, therefore it probably originated offshore and was washed onshore (rather than eroded from terrestrial river terraces). This identification was made by Bryan Popple of Bournemouth Natural Science Society and Museum. Matt Leivers, an in-house specialist at Wessex Archaeology believes it is a very rolled and abraded Lower Palaeolithic handaxe that has clearly been around on the seabed for a considerable period of time.This item was found with a smaller handaxe (MAS-O100099).TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT223MAS2017-06-18T00:00:00ZCUTTING EQUIPMENTWith finder2017-06-30T10:43:04Z2018-05-23T14:01:47Z6211028415PAS5989C577001EA7PAS5ACF2C1A00167D217765HampshireSZ229350.73620009-1.68961218work.decompose.fish10MAS MASMASFlint10837CompleteFairPALAEOLITHICx14387PALAEOLITHICx14387x14387Coastal walkingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_20170620_120402.jpg170images/MASLR2018-05-23T13:01:47.413Zfinds-203203MAS-O100203HANDAXEPALAEOLITHICImages of this find were sent to Andrew Shaw, flint specialist at Wessex Archaeology who determined that this object is an ovate biface handaxe that is in mint condition. This example is approximately 50-60 mm in width and 80-100 mm in long-axis. He said that the form of the butt and lateral margins are reminiscent of late Middle Palaeolithic handaxes, and it's possible that deposits of that age may be found in the intertidal and offshore zone in. Based on the images alone, he said that it's possibly a late Middle Palaeolithic handaxe dating from between 60,000 to 30,000 years ago. Handaxes are the longest used tools in human history, used for cutting, digging and hunting. This artefact exhibits bilateral symmetry with a pointed tip and rounded base.Tools and equipment22233MAS2018-08-03T00:00:00Zcutting equipmentWith finder2018-08-03T09:16:59Z2020-03-31T12:40:46Z203601001104425PAS5C50379B001E6CPAS5DE8F5A5001062237254City of PortsmouthSU670050.79570064-1.05072543middle.token.fields10MAS MASMASFlint10837Knapped/flakedCompleteGoodPALAEOLITHICx14387MiddleLatePALAEOLITHICx14387x14387Coastal walking203_IMG_1340Copy.JPG526images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-03-31T11:40:46.29Zfinds-134134MAS-D100134HANDLEPOST MEDIEVALThe stem of a silver fork or spoon with a hallmark pattern.
The set of four hallmarks located together on the piece of cutlery indicates it was made later than 1781, when this practice was first introduced. Based on this image, this type of spoon/fork is possibly a Fiddle pattern - this refers to the shape of the handle - and is a type introduced in the 1780s and still in production today. The Fiddle pattern means that there are shoulders on the stem near the bowl, which is seen on this example. The lower end of the stem juts out around 90 degrees but this example may have been worn down in the marine environment. Dominant throughout the nineteenth century, Fiddle pattern is the most commonly found pattern from the 1800s. Originating in France, it first occurred in England from the 1760s without the shoulders on the stem near the bowl. The most common Fiddle pattern variants are Fiddle & Thread and Fiddle, Thread & Shell. The production of plain Fiddle pattern ceased around the time of World War One (https://www.antiquesilverspoons.co.uk/spoon-info accessed January 2018).This item was found with one stoneware salt glazed jar (MAS-D100132), two clear glass fruit bottles, one ornate green glass wine bottle, one black glass bottle, one tall wine bottle brown glass hexagonal at base (MAS-D100133) and three ceramic bottles (MAS-D100156).FOOD PREPARATION AND CONSUMPTION36411316/173MAS2017-10-18T00:00:00ZCUTLERYWith finder2017-10-23T17:13:40Z2020-03-30T14:05:38Z134122282115PAS5989C577001EA7PAS5989C577001EA72MAS MASMASSilver11728IncompleteFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047MODERNx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck156_IMG_3565Large.JPG361images/MASLR2020-03-30T13:05:38.344Zfinds-128128MAS-D100128HINGENINETEENTH CENTURYThis record refers to the metal hinge and attached timber shown in the top left corner of image one, the other finds are dealt with under separate records.
The object is approximately 305 mm in overall length and 204 mm in overall width. For the hinge element of the object only one leaf can be observed from the photo, which measures approximately 64 mm by 127 mm. Given the leaves are likely to be identical in size, this would suggest the overall width is approximately 127 mm making a regular square when fully opened. The metal of the hinge is in generally good condition, with some blue/green discolouration suggestive of a copper alloy such as brass. The hinge is of a common type known as a butt hinge, with five interlocking knuckles secured through the centre by a pin or pen. The visible leaf bears five holes for affixing the hinge, and it is likely the obscured side bears a similar number. The number of fixing holes suggests a heavy duty use for the hinge, such as a door, rather than use in lighter items such as furniture.
The wooden elements of the hinge are highly degraded and encrusted with barnacles, its function is therefore undiscernible. There does appear to be an element of beading or a baton in wood, immediately attached to the hinge leaf. Protruding from beneath the beading and running away from the hinge is a section of wood with apparently parallel edges, approximately 89 mm wide, that although heavily damaged may represent a narrow plank. This suggests that the moving element of the object, such as a door or hatch, was attached to the obscured leaf, with the other attached to the stationary element such as a door frame.
Butt hinges were manufactured from around 1850 and are one of the most common forms of hinge in use today.These items were found with two bowls (MAS-D100127), two bottles (MAS-D100129), one mug (MAS-D100130), and one copper lid (MAS-D100150).Fixing39411312/173MAS2017-09-30T00:00:00ZWith finder2017-10-09T15:46:29Z2020-04-22T18:03:01Z128204305171428215PAS5C5037EF001C03PAS5989C577001EA72MAS MASMASCopper alloy10627Wood11988IncompleteNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck128_allmaterial.JPG754images/MASPT2020-04-22T17:03:01.758Zfinds-7474MAS-D100074INK BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYA collection of four ink bottles; one large and three small.
The larger stoneware ink bottle displays a pourer on the rim and is glazed with a feldspathic glaze. This type of ink bottle was introduced in the 1860s and were superseded by glass bottles by the first decade of the 20th century. Cylindrical stoneware ink bottles were made in England in large quantities throughout the Victorian era. The bottles varied widely in size and were not all brown. The larger or master bottles with a pouring lip brown bottles were commonly used for ink. The pouring spout would be used to distribute the ink in to smaller wells (Hume 2001).
Of the three smaller stoneware ink bottles, two are glazed with a feldspathic glaze. This type of ink bottle was introduced in the mid-19th century and were superseded by glass bottles by the first decade of the 20th century. Small ink bottles or wells were usually no more than four inches high and did not have a pouring spout like the master bottles as they were intended to be dipped into (Hume 2001). These ink bottles came in two main varieties; very squat cinders or wide-based cones.These items were found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and one egg cup (MAS-D100078).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives.
NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.
The location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.Written communications39411173/173MAS2017-07-24T00:00:00ZWriting and drawing equipment813607Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23With finder2017-07-24T21:26:17Z2017-11-21T14:09:49Z744528415PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_1938.JPG233images/MASLR2017-11-21T14:09:49.202Zfinds-232232MAS-D100232INK BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYFour small stoneware cylindrical ceramic inkwells. The ceramic is made of a light brown paste with a salt-glazed surface. The dimensions are 45 mm in diameter by 50 mm high. This type of inkwell was commonly known as a "penny ink" bottle. They were corked, sealed with sealing wax and cost a penny each. They contained writing ink.
This type of ink bottle was introduced in the mid-19th century and were superseded by glass bottles by the first decade of the 20th century. Small ink bottles or wells were usually no more than four inches high and did not have a pouring spout like the master bottles as they were intended to be dipped into (Hume 2001). These ink bottles came in two main varieties; very squat cylinders or wide-based cones.
These items were found with four ceramic bowls (MAS-D100229), three glass bottles (MAS-D100230) and a stoneware gin bottle (MAS-D100231).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.Container39391876291/183MAS2018-09-17T00:00:00ZStorage container. Food and liquid storage container813607Kent HER: TR 33 NW 232018-10-02T08:20:10Z2020-03-26T11:33:14Z502324542048115PAS5C50379B001E6C218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASStonewareHand madeCompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDiving229_stonewareinkbottle.jpg601images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-03-26T11:33:14.16Zfinds-132132MAS-D100132INK BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYOne stoneware ink bottle.
Ink bottles or inkwells were made of various materials including glass, various metals, various stones, various woods, horn, ceramics and stoneware, and even hard rubber. Prior to beginning of the 19th century, virtually all ink came in ceramic containers which were still commonly used throughout most of the 19th century. Stoneware bottles were superseded by glass bottles by the first decade of the 20th century. Ink bottles of this size are known as the bulk or master ink bottles (https://sha.org/bottle/household.htm, accessed March 2020). The master bottles usually have a pouring lip or spout that would be used to distribute the ink in to smaller wells (Hume 2001), although that lip is not present on this example. Brown ink bottles without a spout, like this discovery, date from the 1850s to 1880s.This item was found with two clear glass fruit bottles, one ornate green glass wine bottle, one black glass bottle, one tall brown wine bottle with a hexagonal base (MAS-D100133), a handle of a metal fork/spoon (MAS-D100134) and three stoneware salt glazed jars (MAS-D100156).Written communications39391316/173MAS2017-10-18T00:00:00ZWriting and drawing equipmentWith finder2017-10-23T17:13:40Z2020-03-30T13:57:21Z13220015284215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS5989C577001EA72MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck156_IMG_3558Large.JPG360images/MASLR2020-03-30T12:57:21.283Zfinds-4646MAS-D100046JARNINETEENTH CENTURYTwo stoneware jars with feldspathic glaze over yellow ochre dip on upper part of vessels. One carries the stamped mark of the manufacturer: 'Doulton & Watts' Lambeth Pottery'. The firm of Doulton and Watts was established in 1820 as Watts and Doulton, becoming Doulton and Watts by 1826 (Tyler et al. 2005, 12). This particular stamp was used until 1858, when John Watts died, after which the name Doulton appeared alone (Eyles and Irvine 2002, Appendix II), although the company name of Doulton and Watts was used in trade catalogues until at least 1873. Feldspathic glazes were introduced in the 1830s.
The two jars are of similar form, although differing slightly in size. This particular jar form is known as an 'export jam jar' in the Doulton & Watts catalogue for 1873, made in sizes from ½ lb to 6 lb (Tyler et al. 2005, fig. 54). The narrow mouth would either have held a bung of some kind, or have been fitted with a patent airtight closure.This item was found along with seven bowls (MAS-D100047). All of these items were recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis, a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten First class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis. CONTAINER3939182018561118/173MAS2017-06-03T00:00:00ZFOOD AND LIQUID STORAGE CONTAINER1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-06-03T17:01:01Z2017-09-26T13:19:37Z467612725284215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR183051.02800971.10748152immature.twang.uncouth10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck46_terracotta2.jpg153images/MASLR2017-11-06T18:19:44.173Zfinds-3535MAS-D100035JARMEDIEVALPart of a large clay storage jar. Due to the size of the fragment and the degree of marine growth on this item it has been tentatively identified as an olive jar, probably Spanish in origin, and dating anywhere between the medieval to post-medieval period (13th/14th to 18th century), most likely from the latter end of this date range (16th - 18th century).FOOD PREPARATON AND CONSUMPTION29361032/173MAS2017-04-06T00:00:00ZJARWith finder2017-04-07T15:57:16Z2017-09-26T13:12:28Z351528115PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B2MAS MASMASCeramic10539FragmentMEDIEVALx14221POST MEDIEVALx41047x14221DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_44381.JPG112images/MASABB2017-11-06T18:20:28.468Zfinds-2020MAS-100020JARPOST MEDIEVALPottery sherd: a rim sherd from a Post Medieval glazed redware flanged bowl with a horizontal looped side handle. The sherd dates to the 17th/18th century. The manufacture and origin of the sherd is unknown due to the mass production of this type of kitchenware.Container3636160018001390/163MAS2016-10-31T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage containerWessex Archaeology, Salisbury2016-12-13T09:55:35Z2017-04-03T11:14:33Z201528154PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR188251.494889831.13915054flipside.fearfulness.underpinned10MAS MASMASCeramic10539FragmentEncrustedPOST MEDIEVALx41047POST MEDIEVALx41047x41047Other chance findSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckPC120161.JPG74images/MASABB2020-07-31T18:21:16.835Zfinds-5454MAS-D100054JUGNINETEENTH CENTURYFour milk jugs with a Chinese style design and a light grey coloured pattern and appear to be made of porcelain (although this has not been confirmed). Similar in decorative style to the bowls recorded as MAS-D100047, it is assumed that the these milk jugs were made by either Charles Meigh of Hanley, Staffordshire (1835-49), the preceding company, J. Meigh and Son (c.1805-34), or the succeeding company, Charles Meigh and Son (1851-61) (Godden 1964, 428-429).These items were found along with 11 teacups of a similar style (MAS-D100048) and were recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis. Other items similar in style to the ceramic recorded here have also been recovered on different occasions from this wreck site (MAS-D100047, MAS-D100058 and MAS-D100059), along with other non-ceramic objects including candlesticks, a deadeye and three square portholes.
The Josephine Willis was a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten First class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis.FOOD AND DRINK SERVING CONTAINER3939180518561121/173MAS2017-06-04T00:00:00ZDRINK SERVING CONTAINER1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-06-04T14:40:20Z2017-09-26T13:23:26Z54127178452843215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR183051.02800971.10748152immature.twang.uncouth10MAS MASMASCeramic10539OtherCompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck48_e5gqhq3pvke8.jpg159images/MASLR2017-11-06T18:19:12.149Zfinds-5252MAS-D100052JUGPOST MEDIEVALOne badly damaged ceramic jug with marine encrustration. The vessel is probably stoneware, but possibly glazed redware as there appears to be the characteristic 'orange peel' texture of salt-glazed stoneware visible in the photo, with the 'reeding' that you get round the rims of stoneware vessels. If this is the case it is almost certainly German in origin. The rounded shape would place it somewhere in the second half of the 16th century or first half of the 17th century.This item was found along with an onion bottle (MAS-D100040) and were recovered from the Goodwin Sands, Kent.CONTAINER36361091/173MAS2017-05-23T00:00:00ZDRINK SERVING CONTAINERWith finder2017-05-23T19:42:07Z2017-10-03T14:03:20Z52120282315PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B2MAS MASMASStonewareIncompletePoorPOST MEDIEVALx41047POST MEDIEVALx41047x41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck40_mz32qhebl0cg.jpg138images/MASABB2017-11-06T18:19:22.233Zfinds-169169MAS-O100169KNIFEPOST MEDIEVALDouble edged blade covered with concretions, around 25 mm wide and 280 mm long. Displays iron oxidation, and the item has not been preserved well. The blade is roughly 200 mm long and the thicker handle is approximately 80 mm long.
Following consultation with Henry Yallop of The Royal Armouries museum, this object can only be discribed as roughly the shape of a common blade form , i.e. roughly lenticular, and about 25 mm broad. What is not clear is whether it was once the complete blade, or that this is part of one, or alternatively that it was the part of another forged object, and only appears to be blade like.Tools and equipment3641026/183MAS2017-10-15T00:00:00Zcutting equipmentWith finder2018-01-20T18:52:51Z2020-03-26T16:22:12Z16902527018275PAS5C50379B001E6C225469Isle of WightSZ428050.61820269-1.40768541blesses.recline.numeral10MAS MASMASIron11019IncompleteConcretedPOST MEDIEVALx41047MODERNx41047Coastal walking169_20180205_150952.jpg409images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-03-26T16:22:12.235Zfinds-106106MAS-F100106LADDERNINETEENTH CENTURYThese two timbers are two components of a companion ladder. The larger piece measures 1.14 m long by 0.15 m wide and based on the visible ridges to accommodate the stairs, would have been the left-hand side banister of the ladder. The smaller piece measures 0.56 m wide and is 20 mm thick. This piece is one of the stairs that would have fitted between both banisters and still slots in to one of the grooves on the remaining banister. The join is step and groove radiused rather than square cut.
Companion ladders or a companion way is usually steep but has treads or stairs rather than rungs typically seen on a ladder. Weight can be spread over a much larger area than concentrated on the surface of the small rungs of a ladder therefore it is possible to carry much heavier loads up and down these ladders. Companionways on modern vessels now tend to be made of aluminium, however on wooden sailing vessels and fishing vessels, wooden ladders may still be used, therefore it is difficult to date these pieces.Tools and equipment39411222/173MAS2017-08-23T00:00:00ZCompanion ladderWith finder2017-08-23T08:31:10Z2018-05-08T08:40:53Z10621428114PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57C96ECD001E8222625East SussexTQ440050.781702980.04126088pastels.dash.stockpile10MAS MASMASWood11988FragmentNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNFishingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckFIPAD_2017081767.JPG254images/MASABB2018-05-08T07:40:53.678Zfinds-1212MAS-100012LANDING CRAFT INFANTRYMODERNThis hulk is situated on the River Deben, just outside of Melton (Suffolk) and is estimated to measure 11.5 m in length and 3 m in width. The structure is rectangular in shape with squared edges and straight sides. One end suggests the presence of a bulkhead and a hatch or doorway, while the other end is missing. Parts of possible rudder components are located close to the bulkhead, suggesting that this is the stern. Internal frames can be seen throughout the remaining structure; estimated measurements reveal a spacing of approximately 0.42 m. The hull is constructed of wood in a double diagonal layout, with metal plating over the top on the exterior of the hull. The hulk shows extensive deterioration and many of its fixtures and fittings have been stripped. A large proportion of the vessel is now missing.
The shape, size and construction are all indicative of a British Landing Craft Assault (LCA) from the Second World War (WW2). The basic structure of this type of landing craft was a double diagonal wooden hull, commonly built using mahogany (Lavery 2009:20), although other timber species were used to keep up with the number of vessels required. Steel armour plating was then added as an outer skin. The overall length of an LCA was 12.7 m (41.6 ft) with a beam of 3 m (10 ft) (Royal Marines Museum). The main feature of LCA's was the bow ramp, used for amphibious landings such as on D-Day. This part of the vessel appears to be missing and may explain why the hulk has no bulkhead or bow features. The main use of the vessel was for troop transport; this featureless area took up most of the length of the hull. The internal frame spacing of LCA's was 0.45 m (Lavery 2009:21). At the after end of the troop compartment was a watertight bulkhead that separated the engine room (Lavery 2009:19). This bulkhead had a hatch for access by the stoker, which may be what is visible on the remaining hulk. After the engine room there was no further armour plating, which serves to explain the complete loss of the stern. It is difficult to positively identify this vessel as, athough the hulk displays several characteristics of an LCA, with the overall lack of structure it is possible that the remains may be of a barge or similar vessel. The British LCA was developed early in WW2 to meet the need for landing troops on invasion beaches, being built between 1939 and 1945. The LCA was developed from a prototype designed by John Thornycroft Ltd, who then took up much of the LCA construction throughout the war (Lavery 2009:18). The landing craft proved to be a vital tool in WW2, particularly in the invasion of mainland Europe. The vessel allowed troops to be ferried from the main transport to the beachhead, with a shallow draft allowing it to be driven right into the shallows. Additionally, the low silhouette and almost silent engines added to the success of the vessel.
If this vessel is an LCA, its location suggests that it was possibly used as a training vessel. The south coast of Suffolk was extensively used for all kinds of training during WW2. A large area directly to the east of Woodbridge, and across the river from the hulk, was acquisitioned by the military for training purposes (Liddiard and Sims 2014:37). The coastline also made it ideal for training in amphibious landings.
The NRHE and Suffolk HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the 'Melton (north) hulk assemblage', an assemblage of seven hulked vessels in the intertidal zone at Melton, on the north bank of the River Deben. This site is recorded in two surveys: Rapid Field Survey of the Suffolk Coast and Intertidal Zone (Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service 2003) and Hulk Assemblages: Assessing the national context (Museum of London Archaeology 2011, 2013), however no vessel types are recorded. It has also been recorded through the Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network (CITiZAN) No. 82023. Maritime craft41411939194513MAS2016-09-30T00:00:00ZLanding craft1526476Suffolk HER: TM 25 SE 52In situ2016-09-30T16:14:24Z2016-10-10T11:56:02Z123000115001142428235PAS57F2732E001889215934SuffolkTM285052.10131961.32763397hindering.declines.plays10MAS MASMASWood11988Steel11786IncompletePoorMODERNMODERNCoastal walkingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreckimage1.JPG33images/MASTH2017-11-06T18:24:41.953Zfinds-150150MAS-D100150LIDMODERNOne copper item, thought to be a lid by discoverer. It is around 180 mm in diameter with greenish brown discolouration from the oxidising of the copper. At its centre there is a raised disc that has been possibly beaten out of the original shape. This circular embossed disc is approximately 90 mm in diameter and has a small circular aperture in its centre (roughly 10 mm diameter). Other than a lid, the item could be a lamp shade of some sort or a hub of some wheeled apparatus.This items was found with two bowls (MAS-D100127), one brass hinge (MAS-D100128), one brown bottle and one clear bottle (MAS-D100129) and one ceramic mug a (MAS-D100130).UNASSIGNED3941312/173MAS2017-09-30T00:00:00ZDOMED LID2017-10-09T15:46:29Z2020-03-27T15:26:58Z1501801533415PAS5C50379B001E6C2MAS MASMASCopper10626UncertainCorrodedNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDiving150_copperlid.JPG759images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-03-27T15:26:58.894Zfinds-1717MAS-100017MAMMAL REMAINSUNKNOWNThis cattle mandible, or lower jaw, is comprised of two incomplete sections; cattle mandibles are rarely encountered in the archaeological record as conjoined pairs (Zhang et al. 2013). The smaller piece is an incomplete section featuring both pre-molars and molars. The larger piece is fairly complete, with the exception of teeth, extending all the way to the part in which the incisors and canines would be located. This front section is separated from the molar and pre-molar root holes by the diastema.
Providing a relative date for this cattle mandible is challenging without further examination.Cattle are arguably the most important species of livestock - providing products such as meat, milk and leather; and strength for agricultural tasks (e.g. ploughing) (Zhang et al. 2013). The domestication of cattle (Bos spp) is generally accepted to have occurred around 10,500 years ago in the Near East (Zhang et al. 2013). Cattle dentition is an important archaeological signature of ancient cattle husbandry, as dentition varies between individual cattle due to genetics, diet and the geographical location in which they were raised. The age of an animal at death can also be determined by the stage of dental development and the wear of the mandibular teeth (McGrory et al. 2012: 3224).Ecofacts294113MAS2016-10-17T00:00:00ZVertebrate remainsIn situ2016-10-18T08:58:44Z2017-01-16T15:01:10Z172152825PAS57BC1B67001A23PAS57C96ECD001E82219687EssexTQ818251.507938610.60677648workroom.fragments.went10MAS MASMASAnimal skeletal material10232IncompleteMEDIEVALx14221MODERNCoastal walkingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_20161016_080811389.jpg64images/MASMF2017-11-06T18:23:50.425Zfinds-88MAS-100008MAMMAL REMAINSUNKNOWNThis tooth is a cattle (Bos spp) molar from the upper jaw. It has four crescentic cusps (polycuspid) forming a square crown, as well as four root elements. These characteristics are typical of selenodont teeth which are found in ruminant herbivores (e.g. cattle, goats, sheep, or deer). Viewed from the side, the crown of the tooth forms triangular profiles which, in combination with ridges, makes the sideways jaw motion of ruminants an effective way to break-up tough plant matter. Thus their function as crushing and grinding teeth.
The alternating layers of enamel, dentine and cementum are exposed. The surface of the neck of the tooth is white and grey, however, there is also a distinct bluish tinge to parts of the tooth that may indicate the presence of the iron phosphate mineral, vivianite. The presence of vivianite attached to bones is generally accepted as evidence of subfossil status.
Providing a relative date for this tooth is challenging as there are numerous reasons as to why it has not fully fossilised. It may be that not enough time has elapsed since the animal died, or the conditions in which the remains were deposited may not have been optimal for fossilisation. While the domestication of cattle occurred approximately 10,500 years ago in the Near East, it is generally accepted that domesticated cattle first appeared in England during the Neolithic (circa 4,000 BC) (Lynch et al. 2008).Ecofacts9363MAS2015-01-01T00:00:00ZVertebrate remainsWith finder2016-09-12T10:19:24Z2016-09-27T14:24:55Z811528425PAS57BC1B67001A23PAS57BC1E1600176F243674NorthumberlandNZ327955.1043857-1.50000143league.shunts.prices10MAS MASMASAnimal skeletal material10232CompleteGoodNEOLITHICx14337POST MEDIEVALx41047Coastal walkingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckTooth01.JPG17images/MASMF2017-11-06T18:25:01.706Zfinds-189189MAS-O100189NAILPOST MEDIEVALThe find consists of 8 iron nails and an unidentifiable object that contains one further nail and is made of, or covered in, what appears to be fur.
The nails range in length from 135 - 175 mm, and c. 10 - 20 mm in width at their widest point below the head. All 8 nails have a rose type head and taper to a broad point. These features suggest that the nails were hand wrought, rather than cut or wire, a method where each nail is manufactured individually by hand on a blacksmiths anvil. The invention of the slitting mill c. 1590 simplified this process by manufacturing iron rods from which nails could be cut, tapered and given a head. Between 1790 and 1820 this process began to be replaced by machine cut nails, before eventual replacement by wire nails in the late 19th century. These nails, therefore, likely date from before the mid-19th century. The level of preservation of iron objects in an intertidal environment also suggests that they are likely to be more recent than the 1590 development of the slitting mill, a date of mid-18th to mid-19th centuries is tentatively suggested.
Images of the other object were sent to in-house finds secialist and animal bone specialist at Wessex Archaeology who both said it appeared to be animal skin that had been bundled up but could not tell what it was for. As the object has no readily diagnostic features, it remains unidentifiable.These objects were found during a walk on the River Thames near Rotherhithe. The finder notes that there were possible more than a 100 nails in total, spread over an area about 1.5 square metres.
The objects have been deemed as non-wreck material by the Receiver of Wreck and therefore do not have a droit number.UNASSIGNED36393MAS2018-06-13T00:00:00ZFastening2018-06-13T08:36:15Z2020-03-30T14:25:50Z18920175183234PAS5C5037EF001C03241441Greater London AuthorityTQ347951.49407113-0.07113608path.across.back10MAS MASMASIron11019OrganicIncompletePoorPOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047Other chance find189_DSC_0067.JPG456images/MASPhil Trim2020-03-30T13:25:50.487Zfinds-179179MAS-O100179ORDNANCEPOST MEDIEVALThis find consists of 12 lead balls varying in diameter between c. 15 mm and 21mm. All appear unfired and bear the mould lines and sprue marks from being hand moulded in a 2 part mould. The balls themselves are in fair condition, though some bear concretion/encrustation.
Images of the finds were sent to Charles Trollop, an expert in historical ordnance, who advised that in all likelihood these are English Standard Musket (0.775 " or 19.79 mm) and Carbine (0.615 " or 15.64 mm) Balls. These standards relate to most of the black powder/smooth bore period from the 17th to 19th centuries.This find comes from an unidentified wreck known as the Brandy Wreck, situated east of Portland Harbour in Weymouth Bay, Dorset. An investigation of the newly discovered wreck was carried out by Wessex Archaeology (2016) in conjunction with The Shipwreck Project, a local organisation who discovered the site, and at the behest of Historic England. The lack of datable evidence from secure contexts, structural elements of a vessel and other factors meant that a precise date or name of the vessel could not be determined. Broadly, the vessel is thought to date between 1600 and 1825 AD and may relate to a naval or merchant vessel, or potentially be a chance accumulation of artefacts. Vessel currently has no NRHE or HER designation numbers.ARMOUR AND WEAPONS36391095/183MAS2018-05-22T00:00:00ZAMMUNITIONWith Finder2018-06-01T08:28:31Z2020-03-26T16:00:29Z17921129415214362DorsetSY737550.57411317-2.38265074commander.evening.twist10MAS MASMASLead11094CompletePOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047Diving179_IMG_2041.jpg439images/MAS2020-03-26T16:00:29.552Zfinds-8080MAS-D100080PERFUME BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYTwo clear glass perfume bottles.
One has a square tapered body and measures 85 mm by 35 mm while the other measures 95 mm by 40 mm and has a round body complete with a round stopper and still contains yellow liquid. Perfume bottles were part of the vessel's cargo and many other bottles have been salvaged from the wreck by divers during recent years. Their form would be entirely consistent with a date around the turn of the 19th/20th century. These items were found with five gin bottles (MAS-D100063) and three clay pipes (MAS-D100079).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck Loanda. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.
NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.CONTAINER39411185/173MAS2017-07-12T00:00:00ZCOSMETIC CONTAINER901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108With finder2017-07-15T15:13:43Z2020-03-30T14:10:11Z804095218284215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck63_Flakon1.jpg176images/MASLR2020-03-30T13:10:11.612Zfinds-192192MAS-D100192PERSONAL ACCESSORYNINETEENTH CENTURYOne gold T piece to believe part of a watch chain. These pieces were used to fasten the watch chain to an item of clothing, most often a wasitcoat. The T piece has a rounded embossing in the centre of the strip, with a small ring attached at this point for attaching the piece to a chain. The right end of the piece has a single ringed pattern shortly before terminating in a straight clean end. The left side of the piece has steps from the thicker piece to a thinner section extruding out a short distance. Given the date of sinking of the vessel from which it was recovered this item can reliably be dated to the middle of the 19th century. All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Pomerania, a German ocean liner steamer built in 1873 by J. Caird & Co., in Greenock. This vessel was one of many owned by the Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt Actien Gesellschaft (HAPAG); a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg in 1847 that transported hundreds of thousands of emigrants from Germany, Scandinavia, and eastern Europe to the United States, Canada, Latin America, and other destinations around the world. The ship sank in 1878, 5 miles SE of Folkestone whilst carrying 109 passengers and 111 crew en route from New York to Cherbourg and Hamburg, last from Plymouth, following a collision with Welsh barque Moel Eilian and resulting in the loss of 55 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Pomerania.
This item was found with a nineteenth century coin (MAS-D100191).DRESS AND PERSONAL ACCESSORIES393918781134/183MAS2018-06-21T00:00:00ZWATCH883110Kent HER Number: TR 33 SW 26With finder2018-06-21T19:59:25Z2020-03-26T13:22:58Z192150115PAS5C50379B001E6C218210KentTR102650.9950660.99125136streamers.tanked.swan10MAS MASMASYellow metalFragmentNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDiving192_192_IMG_01.jpg464images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-03-26T13:22:58.721Zfinds-108108MAS-F100108PORTHOLEMODERNThis object is the remains of a brass porthole ring measuring 250 mm across with a brass rim 28 mm wide. It is thought that this frame would have been on the outside of the hull of the vessel while an internal frame on the inside of the vessel would have contained the glass element and a hinged deadlight (a metal plate that was both a curtain and a reinforcement against heavy seas).
Portholes have been used for centuries to allow light and ventilation to enter the lower, darker levels of vessels and in some early cases, as a means of seeing out of a submersible. Portholes are watertight and are generally crafted from glass, secured within a metal frame that is then bolted to the vessel. The popular metals that are used to create the frame of the portholes are bronze and brass because these metals corrode less in saltwater.Fixtures and Fittings41411225/173MAS2017-08-23T00:00:00ZPortholeWith finder2017-08-23T08:38:12Z2018-05-08T08:40:10Z10825032815028214PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS5A27DDB80016AC22625East SussexTQ440050.781702980.04126088pastels.dash.stockpile10MAS MASMASYellow metalIncompleteMODERNMODERNFishingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckFIPAD_2017081732.JPG272images/MASABB2018-05-08T07:40:10.128Zfinds-110110MAS-F100110POSTPOST MEDIEVALHeavily eroded and abraded timber fragment with marine borer and growth present. As it is so worn, it is difficult to tell what type of wood it is and whether this fragment was originally completely shaped and worked, or just partially worked to achieve its function. The timber does not exhibit any evidence or staining from fastenings, however, there is one hole that could have been a fastening point at some stage.
It is thought that this fragment may be a broken post or groyne timber that has come from a beach rather than material relating to a wreck. Groynes are wooden barriers built at right angles to a beach to prevent the movement of material along the coast caused by longshore drift. They can be subjected to storm damage which results in them being broken and drifting out to sea. The possibility that this piece of wood derives from a vessel should not be ruled out, however. Shipwrecks represent an important part of our marine historic landscape and are important in understanding some of the most fundamental aspects relating to human past and experience.ARCHITECTURE36411220/173MAS2017-08-23T00:00:00ZARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTWith finder2017-08-23T08:45:04Z2018-05-08T08:39:55Z110180720114281314PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57C96ECD001E8222625East SussexTQ440050.781702980.04126088pastels.dash.stockpile10MAS MASMASWood11988FragmentPoorPOST MEDIEVALx41047MODERNx41047FishingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckFIPAD_2017081719.JPG284images/MASABB2018-05-08T07:39:55.115Zfinds-7676MAS-D100076ROUNDED BOWLNINETEENTH CENTURYSix small convex bowls that may have also functioned as cups or tea bowls. All the bowls are made of a refined whiteware and three of them display a hand painted decoration.The term 'whiteware' is used in historical archaeology to denote refined ceramics with a whiter and denser body than pearlware that generally postdates c.1830. Whiteware is a class of ceramic products that include porcelain and china. They are usually, but not necessarily, white and consist typically of clays, feldspar, potter's flint, and whiting (calcium carbonate). It is thought that these examples may be tea wares dating to the 19th or 20th century.These items were found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074) and one egg cup (MAS-D100078).
All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives.
NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.
The location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.Container39411173/173MAS2017-07-24T00:00:00ZBowl813607Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23With finder2017-07-24T21:26:17Z2017-10-05T16:13:21Z766528415PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_1938.JPG234images/MASLR2017-11-06T18:17:23.969Zfinds-3636MAS-D100036SAUCERPOST MEDIEVALPewter bowl measuring 15 inches in diameter by 2 1/2 inches in depth.
This find is a pewter dish or saucer (the term 'saucer' is used here to describe vessels used to contain sauces, in order to disguise or enhance the taste of food), probably dating somewhere between the 16th and 18th centuries - there are very similar examples, for instance, in 16th century contexts from Nonsuch Palace in Surrey (Rosemary Weinstein, 'Pewter vessels', in Biddle 2005). That doesn't mean that this vessel is a high-status object - saucers and dishes were among the most commonly made pewter items, and would have been in use in humbler households too.
Pewterers call chargers, dishes, plates and saucers 'sadware'. The difference between them is based on their sizes, with some overlap between the four occurring. Generally, they are now separated as saucers being anything under 7" (17.7 cm) in diameter, plates being 7" to 11" (17.7 to 27.8 cm) in diameter, dishes being 11" to 18" (27.9 to 45.6 cm) in diameter, and chargers being anything larger than this.
Early British sadware is usually characterised by a plain rim, a gently-rounded bouge and, often, a raised centre to the well. Unfortunately, only a small fraction survives in the archaeological record due to what we would now term recycling, but also because it does not survive well in the environment. Up until about 1640 styles remained relatively static, before a period of rapid changes for nearly a century occurred, before settling back to a stable style which continued until the use of pewter for sadware died out in the 19th century. From c.1640 there was a vogue for sadware with a steeper bouge and broad rim. In Britain, massive amounts of sadware was made between 1650 and 1780 as households across the social divide replaced their wooden tableware with 'modern' pewter. From c.1660 there was a demand for rims with multiple-reeded edges, before the rim widths steadily shrank back to where they had been, though some very narrow rims were also produced. Around 1700, the single reeded rim became popular and the plain rim also re-appeared, though without the gentler bouge of the earlier version. The single reed continued to be produced throughout the 18th century on sadware intended for export to America, but fell out of favour c.1730 for the domestic British market, with the plain rim dominated the market until production of pewter sadware ceased. A few variations did occur in the 18th century when non-circular plates with wavy or polygonal edges became popular amongst the wealthy in Britain in the later part of the century; engraved owners' crests were popular for a while and at the beginning of the century wrigglework decoration had a brief spell of popularity.FOOD AND DRINK SERVING CONTAINER36361056/173MAS2017-04-23T00:00:00ZSAUCERWith finder2017-04-25T10:27:27Z2017-09-26T13:12:49Z36133282115PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B2MAS MASMASTin or tin alloy11849IncompleteFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047POST MEDIEVALx41047x41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck36_IMG_01.jpg117images/MASABB2017-11-06T18:20:24.026Zfinds-104104MAS-F100104SHELL CASESMODERNThe shell case measures 660 mm long and is 152 mm in diameter at the base, and 116 mm in diameter at the neck though this has been buckled and stretched. The shell case appears to have been either constructed without a base, or it has been removed at some point in the past. The diameter of the neck and its overall size point to it being a 4.5-inch or possibly a 4.7-inch shell case. Without the base with the details of type, manufacturer and date of manufacture, the history and origin of this case is not clear. It would have been part of a fixed round, i.e. the shell was attached to the shell case like a large rifle round. The maximum weight of these rounds was around 36 kg (80 lbs), which was the weight considered to be sustainable for loading manually loaded fixed ammunition. The 4.5-inch gun has been the standard medium-gun calibre of the Royal Navy for use against surface, aircraft and shore targets since 1938, and in the case of the 4.7-inch gun since 1916.
The history of this shell case is unknown, however, based on the damage it has sustained and the degree of corrosion, it appears that the shell was pried out of it and the base cut off with a lathe at some point in the past, before the remainder was lost or discarded. ARMOUR AND WEAPONS41411221/173MAS2017-08-23T00:00:00ZAMMUNITIONWith finder2017-08-23T08:19:22Z2018-05-08T08:41:12Z104152660150282114PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS59C90C510011A322625East SussexTQ440050.781702980.04126088pastels.dash.stockpile10MAS MASMASYellow metalIncompleteFairMODERNMODERNFishingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckFIPAD_2017081783.JPG246images/MASABB2018-05-08T07:41:12.137Zfinds-175175MAS-D100175SHIP FITTINGSNINETEENTH CENTURYTwo brass deck water filler plates and one ceramic door number (45).
The water filler plates are 150 mm in diameter and approximately 100 mm thick. They are both heavily degraded and concreted, distorting their 'mushroom-shaped' original form. It appears they have screws running through the wider top surface and hanging down below next to the tinner plug interior. The screws are approximately 50 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. This type of ships fiitting is used to provide an access point by which to fill water tanks on a vessel and are common on many vessels, from pleasure craft to commercial vessels, up until the present. A hole would be drilled through the deck to accomodate the tube and the outer face of the plate would be flush with the deck, the central cap could then be unscrewed to allow a water pipe to be inserted and the tank filled. The plates are manufactured in a material, such as brass or stainless steel, is resistant to corrosion from sea water thereby protecting the rest of the pipework which would connect the pipe to the tank itself fitted lowr in the vessel.
The ceramic door number is 50 mm in diameter, and in fair condition. The number '45' has faded, and the white ceramic has been stained yellow in places. Near the edges either side of the number there are two holes roughly 3.5 mm in diameter, used to secure the number plate in place. The exact use for this item is difficult to determine, as it could be cargo or more likely ship fittings. It may correspond to cabin door numbers, crew lockers or the like, its high quality finish suggests that it is unlikely to be part of the crew or operating areas of the vessel and therefore probably relates to the accomodation of the 100 or more passengers the vessel could carry.These items were recovered from the wreck of the SS Pomerania, a German ocean liner steamer built in 1873 by J. Caird & Co., in Greenock. This vessel was one of many owned by the Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt Actien Gesellschaft (HAPAG); a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg in 1847 that transported hundreds of thousands of emigrants from Germany, Scandinavia, and eastern Europe to the United States, Canada, Latin America, and other destinations around the world. The ship sank in 1878, 5 miles SE of Folkestone whilst carrying 109 passengers and 111 crew en route from New York to Cherbourg and Hamburg, last from Plymouth, following a collision with Welsh barque Moel Eilian and resulting in the loss of 55 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Pomerania.39391878073/183MAS2018-05-06T00:00:00Z883110Kent HER Number: TR 33 SW 262018-05-09T11:27:36Z2020-03-26T15:39:40Z17510015012454515PAS5C50379B001E6C218210KentTR323251.040489161.30806705resemblances.unopposed.audiobooks10MAS MASMASSteel11786Ceramic10539CompleteEncrustedNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDiving175_IMG_4997Large.JPG435images/MASRobbie Trevelyan2020-03-26T15:39:40.161Zfinds-2626MAS-O100026SHIPS TIMBERNINETEENTH CENTURYTwo fragments of waterlogged wood with two copper fasteners dating from the post-medieval period onwards.
The wood may be the remains of two planks of wood used in the construction of a ship as the planks are secured with one copper fastening and a hole is visible where another fastening may have also been used. Copper rivets are the standard method of fastening the planks to each other in clinker constructed vessels, or in the planks to the ribs or frames (Traditional Maritime Skills website, accessed September 2017). Clinker is a method of constructing the hull of a boat by fixing wooden planks so that the planks overlap along their edges. The overlapping joint is called a land. If the plank is too short for the hull, it would be necessary to extend the plank by joining with another piece of wood. Planks are also known as strakes (rubbing strake for example) so this method is also known as lapstrake. It is a very traditional method of ship construction.
Metallic fastenings followed on from tree nails (also commonly known as trunnels and trennels), which were an older method of securing two planks together using wooden 'nails'.TRANSPORT36411008/173MAS2017-01-28T00:00:00ZVESSEL COMPONENTWith finder2017-01-28T22:05:37Z2018-05-22T15:29:15Z262142815PAS5989C577001EA7PAS5989C577001EA7222028North YorkshireNZ672154.57977665-0.96494213trek.amazed.stated10MAS MASMASWood11988FragmentPOST MEDIEVALx41047MODERNCoastal walkingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_0877.JPG83images/MASLR2018-05-22T14:29:15.772Zfinds-99MAS-100009SHOTPOST MEDIEVALThis is an assemblage of six round cast iron and stone projectiles of varying sizes. Due to the ubiquitous nature of their design, it is difficult to accurately date cannonballs with any certainty. This issue is compounded by the wide variation in designs and calibres of the cannons that fired them and the lifespan of the weapon, with obsolete designs often still in use on merchant ships long after they had fallen out of service with the various navies of Northern Europe, who also used captured weapons on their vessels. Cast iron cannonballs are thought to have appeared at some point during the 15th century and were used as late as the last quarter of the 19th century, having gradually superseded stone cannonballs. By this time, rifled artillery had become the norm. From their general condition and flaking, these examples are heavily corroded. The round shot of speckled appearance could be granite, and may pre-date the cast iron round shot. An element of lead may also be involved in the manufacture of some of the shot in this assemblage.
The following potential identifications are based on the associated images for this record.
Images 1, 2 & 4:
Left: 4¼ inch iron cannonball, originally weighing approximately 10 pounds. A shot of this size may have been fired by a demi culverin. Demi culverin guns fired round shot of 4 - 4½ inch diameter weighing approximately 12 pounds (Collins 2016). The breaks may have happened after deposition due to the rusting and fracturing of iron.
Middle: 3¼ inch iron cannonball, originally weighing approximately 5 pounds. A shot of this size may have been fired by a saker. Saker guns fired round shot of 3 - 3¾ inch diameter weighing approximately 6 pounds (Collins 2016).
Right: 3¾ inch iron cannonball, originally weighing approximately 7 pounds. A shot of this size may have been fired by a saker. This is only a fragment of the cannonball, about two-thirds remain.
Images 3, 5 & 6:
Left: 2 inch stone shot (possibly granite), originally weighing approximately 1 pound. A shot of this size may have been fired by a falcon. Falcon ordnance of 2½ inch calibre fired round shot weighing approximately 1½ pounds (Collins 2016).
Middle: 1¾ inch possible lead alloy shot, originally weighing approximately 12 ounces. A shot of this size may have been fired by a base. Base ordnance of 1½ inch calibre fired round shot weighing approximately ½ a pound (Collins 2016).
Right: 1¼ inch possible lead alloy shot, originally weighing approximately 4 ounces. A shot of this size may have been fired by a musket. A musket is a long gun, fired from the shoulder, which is muzzle-loaded and has a smooth bore (Collins 2016).Armour and weapons3639160018751036/173MAS2016-09-14T00:00:00ZAmmunitionWith finder2016-09-28T09:40:32Z2017-04-13T10:06:30Z968282145PAS57BC1B67001A23219687EssexTQ818251.507938610.60677648workroom.fragments.went10MAS MASMASIron11019CastIncompleteCorrodedPOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047Coastal walkingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckMAS100009Shot123a.jpg21images/MASMF2017-11-06T18:24:55.849Zfinds-77MAS-100007SPOONMODERNThis spoon is made of a metal alloy, possibly copper alloy, and was probably originally plated. Its manufacture would have been cast. The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) crest is stamped into the end of the spoon. The crest features the RAAF monogram with a laurel wreath surmounted by a crown. This crest is the same style as that used for cap badges and is modelled from a Royal Air Force (RAF) crest.
The more widely adopted RAAF crest was commissioned and designed in 1937 and accepted in 1939. It is composed of the imperial crown mounted on a circle featuring the words 'Royal Australian Air Force' and overlaid with a wedge-tailed eagle. Beneath this the scroll work displays the Latin motto 'Per Ardua Ad Astra' (through adversity to the stars).
This spoon may have been issued by the RAAF victualling department for squadron members to use in the mess, or to a particular individual as one item of their personal mess gear accompanied by crockery and other cutlery. It was the Australian Defence Force that adopted the cutlery moniker 'eating irons'.
The spoon was discovered on Batten Beach, Plymouth, which is in proximity to RAF Mount Batten, a RAF station and flying boat base, and indicates the likely origin and time period of its loss, although it may have been produced any time after 1921, when the RAAF was formed.The RAF Station Mount Batten was used as a base for flying boats to defend south-west England since 1 October 1928. The start of the Second World War (WW2) saw an increase in operational flying from the base and it was also targeted during German air raids. Two Australian squadrons were under RAF operation control at Mount Batten during WW2: No 461 and No 10 Squadron, both flying the Short Sunderland.
No 461 Squadron was formed at RAF Mount Batten on 25 April 1942 as an anti-submarine squadron and was stationed there until 31 August 1942. It was disbanded on 4 June 1945, having destroyed six German U-boats. Sixty-four of the 86 squadron members killed were Australian.
No 10 Squadron was formed on 1 July 1939 and was the first RAAF and British Commonwealth squadron to see active service in WW2. Running anti-submarine operations and patrols, No 10 Squadron operated mainly from bases in southern Britain. It took over the base at Mount Batten in April 1940, however moved to Pembroke in May 1941. No 10 Squadron returned to Mount Batten in January 1942 and remained stationed there until it was disbanded on 26 October 1945, and left for Australia. The squadron sank six U-boats and lost 161 personnel during WW2.
The NRHE and City of Plymouth HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the base at Mount Batten.Food preparation and consumption414119401945382/163MAS2016-07-25T00:00:00ZCutlery1200528City of Plymouth HER Number: SX 45 SE 589With finder2016-09-08T08:56:24Z2016-12-14T10:47:45Z71728411445PAS57BC1B67001A23PAS57BC1E1600176F223147DevonSX485350.35723329-4.13817474filled.record.crash10MAS MASMASCopper alloy10627CastPlatedCompleteCorrodedMODERNMODERNCoastal walkingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckDSC_0292.JPG15images/MASMF2017-11-06T18:25:06.061Zfinds-105105MAS-F100105STRUCTURAL TIMBERNINETEENTH CENTURYThese two unidentified timbers measure 790 x 75 x 90 mm and 160 x 100 x 60 mm and were recovered from a boat's trawl nets whilst working out of Newhaven, East Sussex. The small piece shows evidence of a longer period of immersion in terms of abrasion and marine borer damage, though this may also be due to the relative hardness and variety of the two woods, or any treatment that might have been received to protect the timber. Neither timber appears to be of ship related origin, with the larger darker piece looking as if it might have been a post and rail fence board originally, rather than a ship's board or rail. The smaller piece appears to be a fragment of an offcut or discarded section of a larger timber piece.ARCHITECTURE39411223/173MAS2017-08-23T00:00:00ZARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENTWith finder2017-08-23T08:21:58Z2018-05-22T15:29:55Z10521428114PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57C96ECD001E8222625East SussexTQ440050.781702980.04126088pastels.dash.stockpile10MAS MASMASWood11988FragmentNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNFishingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckFIPAD_2017081780.JPG251images/MASABB2018-05-22T14:29:55.334Zfinds-3131MAS-O100031TIMBERMODERNPossible ships timber or part of other marine or land based structure. Truncated rounded timber with hole and evidence of mounting plate for furniture, broken or rotted off at one end exposing heart wood and a knot in the wood. Approximately 2000 mm long and 600 mm in diameter. The undamaged half of the timber appears in good condition, implying a more recent date for the timber, whereas the other part appears to have suffered extensive degradation. The arrangement of damage to the timber suggests it may have been partially submerged during its useful life, possibly as part of a shore based instalment such as a jetty or quay.Timber29413MAS2017-03-09T00:00:00ZUnclassified worked timber2017-03-09T16:32:49Z2020-02-21T11:57:28Z316002000114235PAS5C5037EF001C03217765HampshireSZ699850.77748385-1.0227273minute.catch.muddy10MAS MASMASWood11988IncompletePoorMEDIEVALx14221MODERNCoastal walkingIMG_2450.JPG92images/MASPhil Trim2020-02-21T11:57:28.321Zfinds-181181MAS-D100181TIMBERPOST MEDIEVALFind consists of two sections of timber or wood. The first measures approximately 1650 mm in length, 85 mm in width and 90 mm in depth. There are no diagnostic elements visible upon the timber, such as tool marks or fixing points, and therefore its function remains unknown. It does, however, appear to be faced and is therefore unlikely to be a piece of natural driftwood.
The second piece of wood measures approximately 196 mm in length and 20 mm in width. There is at least one possible nail hole visible and again it appears to have been faced or worked by human hands. It is heavily degraded and this, coupled with a lack of diagnostic details, preclude any comment on its original function or use.
Both pieces of timber appear to have been at least prepared for use by human action, though how they came to be in the sea or when is unknown at this point. It may be that they relate to ships timbers, originating from a wreck or discarded overboard, part of shoreline installations, such as a pier or jetty, or simpley be lost cargo from a ship carrying timber as cargo. The nail hole in the second piece suggests that this has been used and is therefore unlikely to be cargo, whereas the lack of bolt holes or othwer fixings on the larger timber may suggest the opposite.
The fact that the larger timber was photographed with with a swivel gun (MAS-D100180) may indicate that it was recovered from the same area on the seabed.SHIP36391094/183MAS2018-05-22T00:00:00ZTimber2018-06-01T09:21:57Z2020-03-26T15:02:12Z18190851650114115214362DorsetSY637150.53759313-2.52346561feeds.passive.slims10MAS MASMASWood11988FragmentPOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047Diving181_IMG_2022.jpg446images/MAS2020-03-26T15:02:12.325Zfinds-177177MAS-D100177TIMBERPOST MEDIEVALSection of highly degraded timber measuring approximately 216 mm in length by 31 mm at its widest point. The ends taper to a point, in a regular fashion that seems a deliberate aspect of the timber rather than part of the process of degredation. At least five nail or bolt holes are apparent in the face of the timber, further differentiating the piece from a section of unworked natural wood. The function of the timber is unidentifiable from the data available. As it has been recovered from a wreck it is likely to relate to the vessel itself and can tentatively be interpreted as a ships timber that has been exposed for at least part of its life on the sea bed.This find comes from an unidentified wreck known as the Brandy Wreck, situated east of Portland Harbour in Weymouth Bay, Dorset. An investigation of the newly discovered wreck was carried out by Wessex Archaeology (2016) in conjunction with The Shipwreck Project, a local organisation who discovered the site, and at the behest of Historic England. The lack of datable evidence from secure contexts, structural elements of a vessel and other factors meant that a precise date or name of the vessel could not be determined. Broadly, the vessel is thought to date between 1600 and 1825 AD and may relate to a naval or merchant vessel, or potentially be a chance accumulation of artefacts. Vessel currently has no NRHE or HER designation numbers.
This item was found with a swivel gun (MAS-D100180), length of braided copper (MAS-D100183) and a flat strip of copper (MAS-D100184).TRANSPORT36391091/183MAS2018-05-22T00:00:00ZSHIP2018-06-01T06:40:00Z2020-03-26T15:59:14Z177352201142315PAS5C5037EF001C03214362DorsetSY737550.57411317-2.38265074commander.evening.twist10MAS MASMASWood11988IncompletePoorPOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047Diving180_IMG_2025.jpg445images/MASPhil Trim2020-03-26T15:59:14.22Zfinds-205205MAS-D100205TOBACCO PIPEPOST MEDIEVALComplete example of a clay tobacco pipe of the bent billiard style, probably dating to the 19th century. Overall length of 80 mm, with the stem being 50 mm in length. The "short stem" is circular in profile at the heel, changing to a hexaganol profile 20 mm from the mouth piece, which bears beading around the aperture. The left hand side of the stem, from the users perspective, bears a cartouche comprising an embossed diamond lozenge in turn enclosing an incised inscription of SQUATTERS OWN. The opposite side of the stem bears an identical lozenge enclosing the incised word SYDNEY. The bowl is approximately 35 mm in height, from base to mouth, with the mouth having an exterior width of 25 mm on the long axis. the shape of the bowl is slightly rounded on the outside, with no evidence of flatenning of the heel. The clay fabric is of an off white or ivory colour with a smooth satin like finish.
The inscription "Squatters Own" refers to a series of pipes manufactured solely for the Australian market in England, sometimes also referred to as "Squatters Own Budgaree" or "Squatters Bungaree" (Budgaree/Bungaree is derived from Aboriginal languages, meaning good). Though uncertain, these pipes were probably manufactured in Rainford at the Hill Top Pipe Works, run by David Swallow, though other manufacturers in Scotland and elsewhere in England may have subsequently copied this style (Gojack and Stuart 1999). Examples of these pipes have not been found outside Australia and New Zealand other than at the Rainford works and one unusual example of two fragments recovered in New Jersey (Springate 2010). Examples of these pipes often exhibit narrow bowls with intricate designs, known as effigy pipes, this example has a fuller and larger bowl without an effigy however.This item was found with four stonewear bottles (MAS-D100206), and a glass bottle (MAS-D100207). These items were recovered from an undesignated wreck known locally as the Mindoro, though no records are available online relating to such a wreck.Squatters Own/Sydney39411240/183MAS2018-08-28T00:00:00ZN/AWith finder2018-08-29T08:50:03Z2020-03-26T14:50:03Z205801549215PAS5C5037EF001C03218210KentTR353551.06620131.35272976recharges.vehicles.unmarked10MAS MASMASCeramic10539MouldedCompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNx41047Diving205_IMG_01.jpg532images/MASPhil Trim2020-03-26T14:50:03.524Zfinds-178178MAS-D100178TOOTHBRUSHPOST MEDIEVALThis find consists of a brush handle and head manufactured from either bone, horn or ivory, with the bristles missing. The item is approximately 160 mm in overall length, with the head being c. 60 mm, a neck of c. 20 mm and a handle of 80 mm. The head of the brush is c. 15 mm wide, the neck c. 8mm and the handle c.10 mm. There is a small hole in the end of the handle, presumably for accomodating a lanyard or for hanging the brush from. In the head there are 32 holes for accomodating the bristles, with channels recessed and filled on the rear face where the bristles would have been secured. The condition of the brush is poor, especially the handle where the bone is heavily degraded. No markings are evident anywhere on the object. The brush is of a type used for cleaning teeth from the 17th through to early 20th century, closer dating is not possible without markings or further typological detail (https://www.dentalartsmv.com/the-long-and-remarkable-history-of-the-toothbrush/ accessed March 2020).This find comes from an unidentified wreck known as the Brandy Wreck, situated east of Portland Harbour in Weymouth Bay, Dorset. An investigation of the newly discovered wreck was carried out by Wessex Archaeology (2016) in conjunction with The Shipwreck Project, a local organisation who discovered the site, and at the behest of Historic England. The lack of datable evidence from secure contexts, structural elements of a vessel and other factors meant that a precise date or name of the vessel could not be determined. Broadly, the vessel is thought to date between 1600 and 1825 AD and may relate to a naval or merchant vessel, or potentially be a chance accumulation of artefacts.
Vessel currently has no NRHE or HER designation numbers.DRESS AND PERSONAL ACCESSORIES36391090/183MAS2018-05-21T00:00:00ZToothbrushN/AWith Finder2018-06-01T06:40:01Z2020-03-26T16:00:04Z1781516013215PAS5C5037EF001C03PAS5C5037EF001C03214362DorsetSY737550.57411317-2.38265074commander.evening.twist10MAS MASMASOrganicIncompletePOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047Diving178_IMG_2026.jpg438images/MASPhil Trim2020-03-26T16:00:04.103Zfinds-107107MAS-F100107TRANSPORTPOST MEDIEVALThis ship's timber is 830 mm long, 110 x 120 mm in profile, with truncated 25 mm diameter treenails; and a 385 x 65 mm slot for the supporting metal work from which the visible corrosion products suggest that they were of iron construction. The images were forwarded to ship expert and author Richard Endsor.
The timber appears to be the beam end from a small ship, with evidence of knees on both sides. The small piece of plank let into it crossways may be the remains of a waterway at the side making this face the upper side of the beam. The treenails probably secured the plank. The notch at the beam end may have fitted between the frame timbers of the ship's hull. The recessed slot may be to take a lodging fore and aft knee, and the flat section on the opposite side would be for a hanging knee.
The evidence of corrosion products on the beam suggest that it is from a modern ship, as although iron support structures in the construction of ships appeared during the latter part of the18th century, they were only initially used in warships and large merchantmen, and not until later in smaller vessels such as fishing boats and sailing barges. The retrofitting of them in warships was common during the Napoleonic wars. The uptake of iron fitting was very much linked to the availability of wood, and therefore most ships were built of wood with wooden framing components and some iron strengthening, the Cutty Sark, built in 1869, is one example of this approach. The different designs of iron knee, where they survive, also act as a useful guide to dating wreck sites, particularly in the case of British wrecks. European and American built wrecks, where good quality timber was readily available or cheaper means these are less easily dated by their metal components.SHIP36411224/173MAS2017-08-23T00:00:00ZTimberWith finder2017-08-23T08:34:54Z2018-05-23T13:57:54Z10711012083011428114PAS57C96ECD001E8222625East SussexTQ440050.781702980.04126088pastels.dash.stockpile10MAS MASMASWood11988FragmentPOST MEDIEVALx41047MODERNx41047FishingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckFIPAD_2017081739.JPG262images/MASABB2018-05-23T12:57:54.253Z