2026-10-15T05:58:54+01:00https://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/jsonhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/xmlhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/rsshttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/atomhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/kmlhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/geojsonhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/qrcodehttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results80810finds-3636MAS-D100036SAUCERPOST MEDIEVALPewter bowl measuring 15 inches in diameter by 2 1/2 inches in depth. This find is a pewter dish or saucer (the term 'saucer' is used here to describe vessels used to contain sauces, in order to disguise or enhance the taste of food), probably dating somewhere between the 16th and 18th centuries - there are very similar examples, for instance, in 16th century contexts from Nonsuch Palace in Surrey (Rosemary Weinstein, 'Pewter vessels', in Biddle 2005). That doesn't mean that this vessel is a high-status object - saucers and dishes were among the most commonly made pewter items, and would have been in use in humbler households too. Pewterers call chargers, dishes, plates and saucers 'sadware'. The difference between them is based on their sizes, with some overlap between the four occurring. Generally, they are now separated as saucers being anything under 7" (17.7 cm) in diameter, plates being 7" to 11" (17.7 to 27.8 cm) in diameter, dishes being 11" to 18" (27.9 to 45.6 cm) in diameter, and chargers being anything larger than this. Early British sadware is usually characterised by a plain rim, a gently-rounded bouge and, often, a raised centre to the well. Unfortunately, only a small fraction survives in the archaeological record due to what we would now term recycling, but also because it does not survive well in the environment. Up until about 1640 styles remained relatively static, before a period of rapid changes for nearly a century occurred, before settling back to a stable style which continued until the use of pewter for sadware died out in the 19th century. From c.1640 there was a vogue for sadware with a steeper bouge and broad rim. In Britain, massive amounts of sadware was made between 1650 and 1780 as households across the social divide replaced their wooden tableware with 'modern' pewter. From c.1660 there was a demand for rims with multiple-reeded edges, before the rim widths steadily shrank back to where they had been, though some very narrow rims were also produced. Around 1700, the single reeded rim became popular and the plain rim also re-appeared, though without the gentler bouge of the earlier version. The single reed continued to be produced throughout the 18th century on sadware intended for export to America, but fell out of favour c.1730 for the domestic British market, with the plain rim dominated the market until production of pewter sadware ceased. A few variations did occur in the 18th century when non-circular plates with wavy or polygonal edges became popular amongst the wealthy in Britain in the later part of the century; engraved owners' crests were popular for a while and at the beginning of the century wrigglework decoration had a brief spell of popularity.FOOD AND DRINK SERVING CONTAINER36361056/173MAS2017-04-23T00:00:00ZSAUCERWith finder2017-04-25T10:27:27Z2017-09-26T13:12:49Z36133282115PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B2MAS MASMASTin or tin alloy11849IncompleteFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047POST MEDIEVALx41047x41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck36_IMG_01.jpg117images/MASABB2024-10-09T14:15:11.944Zfinds-3535MAS-D100035JARMEDIEVALPart of a large clay storage jar. Due to the size of the fragment and the degree of marine growth on this item it has been tentatively identified as an olive jar, probably Spanish in origin, and dating anywhere between the medieval to post-medieval period (13th/14th to 18th century), most likely from the latter end of this date range (16th - 18th century).FOOD PREPARATON AND CONSUMPTION29361032/173MAS2017-04-06T00:00:00ZJARWith finder2017-04-07T15:57:16Z2017-09-26T13:12:28Z351528115PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B2MAS MASMASCeramic10539FragmentMEDIEVALx14221POST MEDIEVALx41047x14221DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_44381.JPG112images/MASABB2024-10-09T14:15:11.695Zfinds-3232MAS-D100032WATER CRAFT EQUIPMENTPOST MEDIEVALA wooden belaying pin, approximately 0.4 m in length. Belaying pins are either solid metal or wooden objects used on sailing ships to secure the running rigging. They are still seen today on traditional square rigged ships and replica vessels. More modern sailing vessels have tended to replace them with fixed cleats. Their design has little changed, comprising a rounded handle and cylindrical shaft of varying length and thickness, dependant on the workload placed on it. The shaft would fit into holes in pinrails, which lined the inside of the bulwarks around the base of the ship's mast, or a fife rail, which was a free-standing rail set on posts to hold the belaying pins to secure the ship's halyards. The ropes or lines would be wrapped around the pin in a figure of eight pattern to secure them. Similarly designed pins, known as thole pins, were inserted into the gunwales to act as a fulcrum for oars on small boats.This item was found along with two pulley sheeves (MAS-D100049) and a marble tile (MAS-D100050).TRANSPORT36391032/173MAS2017-03-14T00:00:00ZWATER CRAFT EQUIPMENTWith finder2017-03-14T07:28:01Z2017-09-26T13:11:50Z3211428415PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57C96ECD001E822MAS MASMASWood11988CompletePOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_3921.JPG104images/MASABB2024-10-09T14:15:10.995Zfinds-4949MAS-D100049WATER CRAFT EQUIPMENTPOST MEDIEVALTwo circular wooden pulley sheaves. It is not clear whether these wooden pulley sheaves were a pair or from single sheave pulleys. Generally made from ash (Fraxinus), hickory (Carya) in the case of North America, or Lignum vitae. Lignum vitae, Latin for 'wood of life', is a trade wood, also called Guayacan or Guaiacum from the trees of the genus Guaiacum. The trees are indigenous to the Caribbean and the northern coast of South America and have been an important export crop to Europe since the beginning of the 16th century due to its extraordinary combination of strength, toughness, and density. It was also considered to have self lubricating properties. Ash though tough and elastic is prone to wet rot. Roller bushes were also introduced during the 1880s to reduce friction on the sheave pin. A sheave's size depended mostly on the rope it handled, the higher up the rigging the block was, and the lighter the ropes, the smaller they were. Sheaves also shrank in size as rope quality improved over time, and the introduction of iron parts also contributed to this process. However, many ships continued to use larger blocks due to their making the work easier and therefore requiring less crew to operate.This item was found along with a wooden belaying pin (MAS-D100032) and a marble tile (MAS-D100050).WATER CRAFT36391032/173MAS2017-03-14T00:00:00ZSHIPWith finder2017-03-14T07:28:01Z2017-09-26T13:21:53Z49214283115PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57C96ECD001E822MAS MASMASWood11988UncertainFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_3921.JPG164images/MASABB2024-10-09T14:15:15.476Zfinds-5050MAS-D100050ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENTPOST MEDIEVALA rough cut square marble tile with pink colouration and marine growth visible. The tile measures approximately 0.3 m in length. It has not been possible to provide furter identification at this time.This item was found along with a wooden belaying pin (MAS-D100032) and two pulley sheeves (MAS-D100049).ARCHITECTURE36391032/173MAS2017-03-14T00:00:00ZTILEWith finder2017-03-14T07:28:01Z2017-09-26T13:22:13Z501228215PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B2MAS MASMASStone11794IncompletePOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_3921.JPG165images/MASABB2024-10-09T14:15:15.734Zfinds-2929MAS-D100029AMPULLAMEDIEVALAn incomplete, flask shaped ampulla made of lead dating to the late Medieval period, around AD 1350 to 1500. These objects are believed to have been used to transport holy liquid from pilgrim sites. The ampulla, found in the River Wear, has a rounded body that extends upwards into the neck and diverges outwards towards the top. One handle on the side of the neck is intact and the remains of a second handle is visible on the other side of the neck. The obverse side of the ampulla is rounded and there are no visible decorations remaining. A relief decoration of a small equal-armed cross within a circle is visible under raking light on the reverse, flat side of the body of the object.These are normally associated with Christian cross symbology.Holy water bottles made of lead were often brought from pilgrimage places as a souvenir. There is some suggestion that they were used in agricultural blessing ceremonies with the contents sprinkled on the ground during prayers and then the ampulla discarded, alternatively they were buried with their contents (Anderson 2010,182-203). The object is being conserved/researched at Durham University as part of the Durham River Wear Assemblage ProjectReligion or Ritual29293MAS2016-09-15T00:00:00ZReligous or Ritual ContainerB.3399Durham University2017-02-28T09:58:52Z2018-05-23T14:03:02Z64292256125282415243607County DurhamNZ274254.77219974-1.58182606humid.pages.putty10MAS MASMASLead Alloy11095IncompleteCorrodedMEDIEVALx14221MEDIEVALx14221x14221DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckB3399.JPG90images/MAS2024-10-09T14:15:10.252Zfinds-1818MAS-100018COSTRELPOST MEDIEVALA salt-glazed stoneware barrel costrel, almost certainly German and probably dating to the 17th century. Recovered in 1966 during a dive at a depth of approximately 50-60 ft, and found in association with two lots of cannon, cannonballs and lead sheeting.EMContainer36361600169913MAS2016-10-19T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage containerWith finder2016-10-21T13:09:27Z2018-05-23T14:04:36Z181202829152-2.4749.45namely.bumps.misnamedMAS MASMASStonewareMouldedIncompletePOST MEDIEVALx41047POST MEDIEVALx41047x41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckMAS100018a.jpg66images/MAS2024-10-09T14:15:07.249Zfinds-1111MAS-100011CLAY PIPE (SMOKING)NINETEENTH CENTURYThis is a very worn example of a 'cutty' (short) pipe (total length 115 mm) with a round-based spurless bowl imitating a briar pipe, and decorated with multiple 'thorns' - small pointed protrusions around the stem and bowl. This type of bowl was in use between c. 1850 and 1910 (Atkinson and Oswald 1969: type 30), and the thorn design was one of the many decorative types popular during this period (e.g. Ayto 1994:11; Hammond 2009: figure 7). Clay tobacco pipes were manufactured (using two-piece moulds) in huge quantities in many towns and cities around the UK and were also imported from the Continent. They were cheap, highly disposable items, often given away with a pint of beer by the local publican. The short 'cutty' pipes were popular with working men as they could be smoked while working, whereas the longer pipes were more for smoking at leisure. This clay pipe was found approximately 250 m outside the offshore designated area for the HMS Coronation wreck site. The period of the pipe's manufacture confirms that it is not associated with this vessel, which was wrecked in 1691. The pipe's location is thought to be within an extensive dumping site featuring artefacts dating from the 19th century through to the modern period.Although the clay pipe is not associated with HMS Coronation, there is still the potential for small and delicate items to be discovered beyond the extent of the protected areas that may be associated with the wreck. HMS Coronation was an English Royal Navy Second Rate ship of the line, armed with 90 guns. Built at Portsmouth Dockyard and launched in 1685, it was wrecked in a storm in 1691 off Rame Head, Cornwall, with the loss of approximately 600 lives (Lavery 1983: 162). After the discovery of the site in 1967, it was protected in 1978 under the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 (1978 - Coronation offshore Site 17; 1989 - Coronation inshore Site 33). The offshore site has an exclusion zone radius of 150 m, while the inshore site has an exclusion zone radius of 250 m. Divers may apply for a licence to visit these sites. The NRHE and Cornwall & Scilly HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of HMS Coronation.Dress and personal accessories3941185019101298/163MAS2016-09-23T00:00:00ZPersonal accessory1082129; 1082130Cornwall & Scilly HER Number: SX 44 NW 53; SX 44 NW 54With finder2016-09-28T13:16:16Z2016-10-12T14:23:58Z111151528439115PAS57BC1B67001A23PAS57BC1E1600176F243750CornwallSX434850.31098713-4.20632722strict.crackles.falters10MAS MASMASCeramic10539OtherMouldedCompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckWP_20160926_16_45_23_Pro.jpg29images/MASMF2024-10-09T14:15:05.486Zfinds-33MAS-1F5444BEADPOST MEDIEVALTwenty-six long drawn beads with a single cylindrical central perforation extending along the length of the bead. Varying in size, the beads measure approximately 25 mm in length and 8 mm in diameter, and some signs of wear are visible. The beads all have an opaque white core, cased in opaque red, cased in opaque white and finally cased in translucent blue on the exterior. The inner layers form a star pattern. The diameter cross-section is roughly cylindrical in the centre, whilst at the upper and lower ends the cross-section changes to become faceted in an octagonal shape, allowing the layers to be seen from the side. These polychrome beads are of a type known as 'chevron' or 'rosetta' beads, which for several hundred years have been a speciality of the Venetian glassmakers. First appearing in the late 15th century, they were made from a short section of drawn-out hollow cane in a translucent greenish glass, coated with six further layers of white, translucent greenish, red and blue glass, and given a star-like cross-section by pressing in a 12-pointed corrugated mould; the canes were then cut into short lengths and the ends ground to expose the inner layers. Later beads may have fewer layers; they are still being made in Venice today, albeit in very small quantities. These beads can reach up to 90 mm in length and 60 mm in diameter, however the more common size is 20-30 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter. In the UK, chevron beads usually belong to 16th or 17th century contexts, but they were also made in quantity for export to West Africa and the Americas, and the peak of production came during the 19th and early 20th centuries. These later beads were usually of four and six layers, in red, blue and white. Chevron beads are still highly valued in present-day West Africa, where they continue to be worn for prestige and ceremonial purposes, and are occasionally buried with the dead.These beads were recovered from the wreck of ​Loanda​, along with three clay pipes recorded as MAS-100004. ​Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.Dress and personal accessories3641150019081196/163MAS2016-07-12T00:00:00ZJewellery901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112With finder2016-08-03T14:44:36Z2016-09-30T11:57:40ZPAS57A1F5440013D68252618284317115PAS57BC1B67001A23PAS57BC1E1600176F218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS-1FC389MAS MASMASGlass10879OtherDrawnCompleteFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047MODERNx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckP1050090.JPG2images/MASMF2024-10-09T14:04:48.598Zfinds-44MAS-100004CLAY PIPE (SMOKING)POST MEDIEVALAll three white pipes here are complete, and are of the short or 'cutty' form. Two carry relief moulded decoration featuring Masonic emblems (incorporating the crossed compass and square), while the third is in the form of a male head, wearing a thin-brimmed cap, possibly a military figure. Pipes with Masonic emblems were made from the mid-18th century in the UK, but remained popular into the early 20th century, while the male head falls into a group of more elaborate decorative pipes with bowls moulded in the form of human heads and animals, common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Such decorative pipes would have been commonly exported. Tobacco was grown in West Africa from the 17th century; the inhabitants made their own pipes, the manufacture evolving from that of pottery vessels, but they also imported some through the Atlantic trade (Knight 2010, 67). The inclusion here of the Masonic pipes is of interest; their use was not necessarily confined to Freemasons, but it is likely that they would have been of greater significance to smokers for whom the symbols they bore had meaning (White and Beaudry 2009, 220).These clay pipes were recovered from the wreck ​Loanda, along with 26 beads recorded as MAS-1F5444. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.Dress and personal accessories3641175019081196/163MAS2016-07-12T00:00:00ZPersonal accessory901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112With finder2016-07-28T14:12:59Z2019-01-29T13:01:43Z4401253528439115PAS57BC1B67001A23PAS57BC1E1600176F218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS-A50DBFMAS MASMASCeramic10539OtherMouldedCompleteFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047MODERNx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckP1050093.JPG3images/MASMF2024-10-09T14:14:02.986Z