{ "meta":{ "currentPage":1, "totalResults":15, "resultsPerPage":20 }, "results":[ { "findIdentifier":"finds-234", "id":234, "old_findID":"MAS-O100234", "objecttype":"BARREL", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"This find comprises of the remains of three to four wooden barrels, which were buried in the intertidal sandy substrate of a pleasure beach. The action of the tide revealed the barrels and it is unclear how much of the barrels remain. End of the staves, lengths of timber making the sides of the barrel, are visible and clearly degraded. In some cases these give the appearance of flaring outwards, implying that only the lower portion of the barrel remains. At least one barrel exhibits inwardly projecting staves, suggesting more than half of the barrel remains. There is some evidence for the remains of posts protruding from the barrels which otherwise give the appearance of having been filled with sand and stone.\n\nThe term cask is also used to describe barrels specifically intended for the storage of liquid, most commonly alcohol such as wine and beer. It has not been possible at this stage to ascertain the exact size and type of the barrels comprising this find, though it is estimated that they are of a small to medium size such as a Rundlet or Tierce. What the barrels were originally used for is not readily discernible, though it does appear that they have been repurposed for another function. The presence of posts within the barrels and their relative positions, laid out in a rough rectangle, suggests they used to accommodate foundation posts of a possible structure. This may have been a simple platform for bathers or anglers or something more complex such as a temporary jetty or pontoon. An image, submitted by the finder, dating to the 1850s shows structures in approximately the same position as the barrels, which may indicate the structure previously supported by the barrels. Alternatively they may relate someway to the practicing for the D-Day Landings in Normandy, which incorporated the beach and construction of landing pontoons. It has not been possible to firmly date this find from the available data, but given their condition and the preservation of the timber elements a more recent, post-medieval, date is tentatively suggested.", "notes":"Barrels have been in use since at least the time of the Roman Republic, with evidence suggesting their use from 350 BC or earlier (https:\/\/www.riverdrive.co\/history-of-barrels\/ accessed March 2020). Their suitability as water tight containers meant that, until the 20th century, they were essential for the transport and storage of food stuffs, water and alcohol. The whiskey distilling industry still uses traditional oak barrels extensively in the ageing process. The term barrel itself is a general term and there are many different types of barrel, determined by size, such as a firkin (c. 30 litres) and a tun (c. 954 litres). ", "classification":"Container", "periodFrom":21, "periodTo":41, "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2018-09-27T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Storage container. Food and liquid storage container", "currentLocation":"Site", "created":"2018-10-15T09:58:04Z", "updated":"2020-03-30T14:21:28Z", "secuid":"234", "quantity":4, "material":14, "secondaryMaterial":8, "completeness":2, "manufacture":8, "preservation":3, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS5C5037EF001C03", "createdBy":2, "countyID":50003, "county":"Down", "fourFigure":"NW6536", "fourFigureLat":54.66413092, "fourFigureLon":-5.64553486, "what3words":"soils.bike.luck", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Wood", "primaryMaterialBM":11988, "secondaryMaterialTerm":"Iron", "secondaryMaterialBM":11019, "manufactureTerm":"Hand made", "completenessTerm":"Incomplete", "preservationTerm":"Poor", "periodFromName":"ROMAN", "periodFromBM":"x41218", "periodToName":"MODERN", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "filename":"234_20180927_192948.jpg", "thumbnail":604, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"PT", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:17:10.274Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-203", "id":203, "old_findID":"MAS-O100203", "objecttype":"HANDAXE", "broadperiod":"PALAEOLITHIC", "description":"Images of this find were sent to Andrew Shaw, flint specialist at Wessex Archaeology who determined that this object is an ovate biface handaxe that is in mint condition. This example is approximately 50-60 mm in width and 80-100 mm in long-axis. He said that the form of the butt and lateral margins are reminiscent of late Middle Palaeolithic handaxes, and it's possible that deposits of that age may be found in the intertidal and offshore zone in. Based on the images alone, he said that it's possibly a late Middle Palaeolithic handaxe dating from between 60,000 to 30,000 years ago. Handaxes are the longest used tools in human history, used for cutting, digging and hunting. This artefact exhibits bilateral symmetry with a pointed tip and rounded base.", "classification":"Tools and equipment", "periodFrom":2, "periodTo":2, "fromsubperiod":2, "tosubperiod":3, "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2018-08-03T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"cutting equipment", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2018-08-03T09:16:59Z", "updated":"2020-03-31T12:40:46Z", "secuid":"203", "width":60, "length":100, "quantity":1, "material":10, "completeness":4, "manufacture":4, "preservation":2, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS5C50379B001E6C", "identifierID":"PAS5DE8F5A5001062", "createdBy":2, "countyID":37254, "county":"City of Portsmouth", "fourFigure":"SU6700", "fourFigureLat":50.79570064, "fourFigureLon":-1.05072543, "what3words":"middle.token.fields", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Flint", "primaryMaterialBM":10837, "manufactureTerm":"Knapped\/flaked", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Good", "periodFromName":"PALAEOLITHIC", "periodFromBM":"x14387", "subperiodFrom":"Middle", "subperiodTo":"Late", "periodToName":"PALAEOLITHIC", "periodToBM":"x14387", "broadperiodBM":"x14387", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "filename":"203_IMG_1340Copy.JPG", "thumbnail":526, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"Robbie Trevelyan", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:17:02.198Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-169", "id":169, "old_findID":"MAS-O100169", "objecttype":"KNIFE", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"Double edged blade covered with concretions, around 25 mm wide and 280 mm long. Displays iron oxidation, and the item has not been preserved well. The blade is roughly 200 mm long and the thicker handle is approximately 80 mm long.\n\nFollowing consultation with Henry Yallop of The Royal Armouries museum, this object can only be discribed as roughly the shape of a common blade form , i.e. roughly lenticular, and about 25 mm broad. What is not clear is whether it was once the complete blade, or that this is part of one, or alternatively that it was the part of another forged object, and only appears to be blade like.", "classification":"Tools and equipment", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":41, "TID":"026\/18", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-10-15T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"cutting equipment", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2018-01-20T18:52:51Z", "updated":"2020-03-26T16:22:12Z", "secuid":"169", "thickness":0, "width":25, "length":270, "quantity":1, "material":8, "completeness":2, "preservation":7, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS5C50379B001E6C", "createdBy":2, "countyID":25469, "county":"Isle of Wight", "fourFigure":"SZ4280", "fourFigureLat":50.61820269, "fourFigureLon":-1.40768541, "what3words":"blesses.recline.numeral", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Iron", "primaryMaterialBM":11019, "completenessTerm":"Incomplete", "preservationTerm":"Concreted", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"MODERN", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "filename":"169_20180205_150952.jpg", "thumbnail":409, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"Robbie Trevelyan", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:16:52.989Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-99", "id":99, "old_findID":"MAS-O100099", "objecttype":"HANDAXE", "broadperiod":"PALAEOLITHIC", "description":"Heavily sea-rolled and worn worked flint tool, covered in chalk patination (see third image). The flint measures 80 mm long, 60 mm wide and 30 mm thick, and unfortunately about 20% of the working end has recently broken off. Due to wear and damage on this hand-worked tool it has been difficult to confidently identify. Bryan Popple of Bournemouth Natural Science Society and Museum believes it could possibly be Homo neanderthalensis dating to around 200,000 years bp (before present). The smaller size indicates typical Neanderthal workings in comparison to the larger and older Homo heidelbergensis handaxe previously reported as MAS-100062. The attached images shows both handaxes for comparison. The possible Neanderthal tool is the smaller darker tool. Matt Leivers, an in-house flint specialist at Wessex Archaeology was unsure whether the flint was a handaxe and would need to visually inspect the object in order to be certain.", "notes":"This item was found with a large handaxe (MAS-O100062).", "classification":"TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT", "periodFrom":2, "periodTo":2, "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-07-17T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"CUTTING EQUIPMENT", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-08-05T22:49:25Z", "updated":"2018-05-23T14:00:54Z", "secuid":"99", "thickness":30, "width":60, "length":80, "quantity":1, "material":10, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":2, "preservation":2, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS5ACF2C1A00167D", "createdBy":2, "countyID":17765, "county":"Hampshire", "fourFigure":"SZ2293", "fourFigureLat":50.73620009, "fourFigureLon":-1.68961218, "what3words":"work.decompose.fish", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Flint", "primaryMaterialBM":10837, "completenessTerm":"Incomplete", "preservationTerm":"Good", "periodFromName":"PALAEOLITHIC", "periodFromBM":"x14387", "periodToName":"PALAEOLITHIC", "periodToBM":"x14387", "broadperiodBM":"x14387", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"_20170718_183454.JPG", "thumbnail":183, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:28.598Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-62", "id":62, "old_findID":"MAS-O100062", "objecttype":"HANDAXE", "broadperiod":"PALAEOLITHIC", "description":"Lower Palaeolithic ovate handaxe dating to around 250,000 years bp (before present). Patina evident on its surface indicates that the tool has been deposited in chalk, therefore it probably originated offshore and was washed onshore (rather than eroded from terrestrial river terraces). This identification was made by Bryan Popple of Bournemouth Natural Science Society and Museum. Matt Leivers, an in-house specialist at Wessex Archaeology believes it is a very rolled and abraded Lower Palaeolithic handaxe that has clearly been around on the seabed for a considerable period of time.", "notes":"This item was found with a smaller handaxe (MAS-O100099).", "classification":"TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT", "periodFrom":2, "periodTo":2, "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-06-18T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"CUTTING EQUIPMENT", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-06-30T10:43:04Z", "updated":"2018-05-23T14:01:47Z", "secuid":"62", "quantity":1, "material":10, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "preservation":1, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS5ACF2C1A00167D", "createdBy":2, "countyID":17765, "county":"Hampshire", "fourFigure":"SZ2293", "fourFigureLat":50.73620009, "fourFigureLon":-1.68961218, "what3words":"work.decompose.fish", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Flint", "primaryMaterialBM":10837, "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Fair", "periodFromName":"PALAEOLITHIC", "periodFromBM":"x14387", "periodToName":"PALAEOLITHIC", "periodToBM":"x14387", "broadperiodBM":"x14387", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"IMG_20170620_120402.jpg", "thumbnail":170, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:18.898Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-31", "id":31, "old_findID":"MAS-O100031", "objecttype":"TIMBER", "broadperiod":"MODERN", "description":"Possible ships timber or part of other marine or land based structure. Truncated rounded timber with hole and evidence of mounting plate for furniture, broken or rotted off at one end exposing heart wood and a knot in the wood. Approximately 2000 mm long and 600 mm in diameter. The undamaged half of the timber appears in good condition, implying a more recent date for the timber, whereas the other part appears to have suffered extensive degradation. The arrangement of damage to the timber suggests it may have been partially submerged during its useful life, possibly as part of a shore based instalment such as a jetty or quay.", "classification":"Timber", "periodFrom":29, "periodTo":41, "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-03-09T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Unclassified worked timber", "created":"2017-03-09T16:32:49Z", "updated":"2020-02-21T11:57:28Z", "secuid":"31", "diameter":600, "length":2000, "quantity":1, "material":14, "completeness":2, "preservation":3, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS5C5037EF001C03", "createdBy":2, "countyID":17765, "county":"Hampshire", "fourFigure":"SZ6998", "fourFigureLat":50.77748385, "fourFigureLon":-1.0227273, "what3words":"minute.catch.muddy", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Wood", "primaryMaterialBM":11988, "completenessTerm":"Incomplete", "preservationTerm":"Poor", "periodFromName":"MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x14221", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "filename":"IMG_2450.JPG", "thumbnail":92, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"PT", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:10.753Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-30", "id":30, "old_findID":"MAS-O100030", "objecttype":"CANNON BALL", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"Spherical ball composed of sandstone or igneous rock such as granite. The shot measures 50 mm in circumference and would date to the post medieval period.\n\nStone shot was carved by hand using chisels and picks, often being finished once on board a vessel. The use of stone was phased out around the 1630s when iron became a more favourable choice for shot.", "classification":"ARMOUR AND WEAPONS", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":36, "treasure":1, "TID":"035\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-10-29T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"AMMUNITION", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-03-07T10:37:59Z", "updated":"2017-08-15T10:45:03Z", "secuid":"30", "diameter":50, "quantity":1, "material":2, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "manufacture":8, "preservation":1, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57C96ECD001E82", "identifierID":"PAS59897C8A001BBB", "createdBy":2, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Stone", "primaryMaterialBM":11794, "manufactureTerm":"Hand made", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Fair", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodToBM":"x41047", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"CannonballKarengwawremailadd.jpg", "thumbnail":91, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"ABB", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:10.485Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-26", "id":26, "old_findID":"MAS-O100026", "objecttype":"SHIPS TIMBER", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"Two fragments of waterlogged wood with two copper fasteners dating from the post-medieval period onwards.\n\nThe wood may be the remains of two planks of wood used in the construction of a ship as the planks are secured with one copper fastening and a hole is visible where another fastening may have also been used. Copper rivets are the standard method of fastening the planks to each other in clinker constructed vessels, or in the planks to the ribs or frames (Traditional Maritime Skills website, accessed September 2017). Clinker is a method of constructing the hull of a boat by fixing wooden planks so that the planks overlap along their edges. The overlapping joint is called a land. If the plank is too short for the hull, it would be necessary to extend the plank by joining with another piece of wood. Planks are also known as strakes (rubbing strake for example) so this method is also known as lapstrake. It is a very traditional method of ship construction.\n\nMetallic fastenings followed on from tree nails (also commonly known as trunnels and trennels), which were an older method of securing two planks together using wooden 'nails'.", "classification":"TRANSPORT", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"008\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-01-28T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"VESSEL COMPONENT", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-01-28T22:05:37Z", "updated":"2018-05-22T15:29:15Z", "secuid":"26", "quantity":2, "material":14, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":1, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "createdBy":2, "countyID":22028, "county":"North Yorkshire", "fourFigure":"NZ6721", "fourFigureLat":54.57977665, "fourFigureLon":-0.96494213, "what3words":"trek.amazed.stated", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Wood", "primaryMaterialBM":11988, "completenessTerm":"Fragment", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"IMG_0877.JPG", "thumbnail":83, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:09.369Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-17", "id":17, "old_findID":"MAS-100017", "objecttype":"MAMMAL REMAINS", "broadperiod":"UNKNOWN", "description":"This cattle mandible, or lower jaw, is comprised of two incomplete sections; cattle mandibles are rarely encountered in the archaeological record as conjoined pairs (Zhang et al. 2013). The smaller piece is an incomplete section featuring both pre-molars and molars. The larger piece is fairly complete, with the exception of teeth, extending all the way to the part in which the incisors and canines would be located. This front section is separated from the molar and pre-molar root holes by the diastema.\n\nProviding a relative date for this cattle mandible is challenging without further examination.", "notes":"Cattle are arguably the most important species of livestock - providing products such as meat, milk and leather; and strength for agricultural tasks (e.g. ploughing) (Zhang et al. 2013). The domestication of cattle (Bos spp) is generally accepted to have occurred around 10,500 years ago in the Near East (Zhang et al. 2013). Cattle dentition is an important archaeological signature of ancient cattle husbandry, as dentition varies between individual cattle due to genetics, diet and the geographical location in which they were raised. The age of an animal at death can also be determined by the stage of dental development and the wear of the mandibular teeth (McGrory et al. 2012: 3224).", "classification":"Ecofacts", "periodFrom":29, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-10-17T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Vertebrate remains", "currentLocation":"In situ", "created":"2016-10-18T08:58:44Z", "updated":"2017-01-16T15:01:10Z", "secuid":"17", "quantity":2, "material":15, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":2, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57C96ECD001E82", "createdBy":2, "countyID":19687, "county":"Essex", "fourFigure":"TQ8182", "fourFigureLat":51.50793861, "fourFigureLon":0.60677648, "what3words":"workroom.fragments.went", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Animal skeletal material", "primaryMaterialBM":10232, "completenessTerm":"Incomplete", "periodFromName":"MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x14221", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"IMG_20161016_080811389.jpg", "thumbnail":64, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:06.973Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-16", "id":16, "old_findID":"MAS-100016", "objecttype":"UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"This assemblage of metal objects includes an iron handle possibly inscribed with letters; a lead sailmakers palm guard; a bronze scribe; a small gun powder measure; a cup; and what are possibly a musket ball and a rivet; along with several other metal objects of unknown function. All the items appear to be post medieval in date. It is thought that these finds are either being washed into the area from another location or are being exposed by erosion, as each visit to the location reveals more objects.", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"038\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-10-16T00:00:00Z", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-10-17T10:36:11Z", "updated":"2017-08-15T10:49:03Z", "secuid":"16", "quantity":17, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":3, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":19687, "county":"Essex", "fourFigure":"TQ8182", "fourFigureLat":51.50793861, "fourFigureLon":0.60677648, "what3words":"workroom.fragments.went", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "completenessTerm":"Uncertain", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"MODERN", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"MAS100016b.jpg", "thumbnail":56, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:06.736Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-12", "id":12, "old_findID":"MAS-100012", "objecttype":"LANDING CRAFT INFANTRY", "broadperiod":"MODERN", "description":"This hulk is situated on the River Deben, just outside of Melton (Suffolk) and is estimated to measure 11.5 m in length and 3 m in width. The structure is rectangular in shape with squared edges and straight sides. One end suggests the presence of a bulkhead and a hatch or doorway, while the other end is missing. Parts of possible rudder components are located close to the bulkhead, suggesting that this is the stern. Internal frames can be seen throughout the remaining structure; estimated measurements reveal a spacing of approximately 0.42 m. The hull is constructed of wood in a double diagonal layout, with metal plating over the top on the exterior of the hull. The hulk shows extensive deterioration and many of its fixtures and fittings have been stripped. A large proportion of the vessel is now missing. \n\nThe shape, size and construction are all indicative of a British Landing Craft Assault (LCA) from the Second World War (WW2). The basic structure of this type of landing craft was a double diagonal wooden hull, commonly built using mahogany (Lavery 2009:20), although other timber species were used to keep up with the number of vessels required. Steel armour plating was then added as an outer skin. The overall length of an LCA was 12.7 m (41.6 ft) with a beam of 3 m (10 ft) (Royal Marines Museum). The main feature of LCA's was the bow ramp, used for amphibious landings such as on D-Day. This part of the vessel appears to be missing and may explain why the hulk has no bulkhead or bow features. The main use of the vessel was for troop transport; this featureless area took up most of the length of the hull. The internal frame spacing of LCA's was 0.45 m (Lavery 2009:21). At the after end of the troop compartment was a watertight bulkhead that separated the engine room (Lavery 2009:19). This bulkhead had a hatch for access by the stoker, which may be what is visible on the remaining hulk. After the engine room there was no further armour plating, which serves to explain the complete loss of the stern. It is difficult to positively identify this vessel as, athough the hulk displays several characteristics of an LCA, with the overall lack of structure it is possible that the remains may be of a barge or similar vessel. ", "notes":"The British LCA was developed early in WW2 to meet the need for landing troops on invasion beaches, being built between 1939 and 1945. The LCA was developed from a prototype designed by John Thornycroft Ltd, who then took up much of the LCA construction throughout the war (Lavery 2009:18). The landing craft proved to be a vital tool in WW2, particularly in the invasion of mainland Europe. The vessel allowed troops to be ferried from the main transport to the beachhead, with a shallow draft allowing it to be driven right into the shallows. Additionally, the low silhouette and almost silent engines added to the success of the vessel. \n\nIf this vessel is an LCA, its location suggests that it was possibly used as a training vessel. The south coast of Suffolk was extensively used for all kinds of training during WW2. A large area directly to the east of Woodbridge, and across the river from the hulk, was acquisitioned by the military for training purposes (Liddiard and Sims 2014:37). The coastline also made it ideal for training in amphibious landings.\n\nThe NRHE and Suffolk HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the 'Melton (north) hulk assemblage', an assemblage of seven hulked vessels in the intertidal zone at Melton, on the north bank of the River Deben. This site is recorded in two surveys: Rapid Field Survey of the Suffolk Coast and Intertidal Zone (Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service 2003) and Hulk Assemblages: Assessing the national context (Museum of London Archaeology 2011, 2013), however no vessel types are recorded. It has also been recorded through the Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network (CITiZAN) No. 82023. ", "classification":"Maritime craft", "periodFrom":41, "periodTo":41, "fromdate":1939, "todate":1945, "treasure":1, "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-09-30T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Landing craft", "smrRef":"1526476", "otherRef":"Suffolk HER: TM 25 SE 52", "currentLocation":"In situ", "created":"2016-09-30T16:14:24Z", "updated":"2016-10-10T11:56:02Z", "secuid":"12", "width":3000, "length":11500, "quantity":1, "material":14, "secondaryMaterial":24, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":2, "preservation":3, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57F2732E001889", "createdBy":2, "countyID":15934, "county":"Suffolk", "fourFigure":"TM2850", "fourFigureLat":52.1013196, "fourFigureLon":1.32763397, "what3words":"hindering.declines.plays", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Wood", "primaryMaterialBM":11988, "secondaryMaterialTerm":"Steel", "secondaryMaterialBM":11786, "completenessTerm":"Incomplete", "preservationTerm":"Poor", "periodFromName":"MODERN", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"image1.JPG", "thumbnail":33, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"TH", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:05.763Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-10", "id":10, "old_findID":"MAS-100010", "objecttype":"FOOD AND DRINK SERVING CONTAINER", "broadperiod":"ROMAN", "description":"This is a group of nine sherds of ceramic, of which six are samian ware (also called terra sigillata). Samian pottery is a mould-made, glossy red, mass-produced, fine tableware. It was first manufactured in northern Italy at the end of the 1st century BC, however by AD 43 production had moved to Gaul (France). The production of samian ware ended around AD 260.\n\nThe following interpretation is based on the photographs associated with this record. An examination of the fabric and surviving decorative elements may provide further information on the region of manufacture or production centre and the identity of the potter, which can indicate a more accurate date of production.\n\nImages 1 & 4:\n\nA sherd of the base of a samian vessel, form unknown. The easily legible name-stamp is that of Advocisus who worked at Lezoux (Central Gaul) c. AD 160 to AD 200.\n\nImages 2 & 5:\n\nThree decorated samian sherds that all appear to be from form 37 bowls and are suspected to be from Central Gaul. All three have surviving decorative elements.\n\nImage 3:\n\nThis smaller samian base sherd was probably part of a cup form. Interestingly, it has been observed that samian cup forms are very strongly represented in the Essex region, especially at rural sites, to a degree not seen elsewhere (Willis 2004).\n\nImage 5 (top right):\n\nThe form of this non-samian sherd suggests that it is of 1st or earlier 2nd century AD date.\n\nImages 6 & 8:\n\nThis is a Roman jug rim that was probably made in Britain.\n\nImage 7:\n\nThis is the rim of an imported Roman amphora. Amphora are a type of wheel-thrown container used for the transport and storage of liquids and dry products. As an inexpensive container for the transport of goods, they were broken up and discarded at their destination rather than being reused.", "notes":"Samian vessels are known to occur in structured deposits associated with water, and therefore are interpreted to have played a role in the activities undertaken at such locations (Willis 2004). In some instances, in Britain, samian ware was a selected and prominent element within assemblages deposited in wells or shafts and other wet places (Willis 2004). ", "classification":"Food preparation and consumption", "periodFrom":21, "periodTo":21, "fromdate":-100, "todate":300, "treasure":1, "TID":"037\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-09-14T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Container by function", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-09-28T09:50:33Z", "updated":"2017-04-13T10:05:01Z", "secuid":"10", "quantity":9, "material":5, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":1, "decstyle":3, "manufacture":9, "preservation":2, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "createdBy":2, "countyID":19687, "county":"Essex", "fourFigure":"TQ8182", "fourFigureLat":51.50793861, "fourFigureLon":0.60677648, "what3words":"workroom.fragments.went", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "decstyleTerm":"Other", "manufactureTerm":"Moulded", "completenessTerm":"Fragment", "preservationTerm":"Good", "periodFromName":"ROMAN", "periodFromBM":"x41218", "periodToName":"ROMAN", "periodToBM":"x41218", "broadperiodBM":"x41218", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"MAS100010a.jpg", "thumbnail":27, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:13:34.321Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-9", "id":9, "old_findID":"MAS-100009", "objecttype":"SHOT", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"This is an assemblage of six round cast iron and stone projectiles of varying sizes. Due to the ubiquitous nature of their design, it is difficult to accurately date cannonballs with any certainty. This issue is compounded by the wide variation in designs and calibres of the cannons that fired them and the lifespan of the weapon, with obsolete designs often still in use on merchant ships long after they had fallen out of service with the various navies of Northern Europe, who also used captured weapons on their vessels. Cast iron cannonballs are thought to have appeared at some point during the 15th century and were used as late as the last quarter of the 19th century, having gradually superseded stone cannonballs. By this time, rifled artillery had become the norm. From their general condition and flaking, these examples are heavily corroded. The round shot of speckled appearance could be granite, and may pre-date the cast iron round shot. An element of lead may also be involved in the manufacture of some of the shot in this assemblage.\n\nThe following potential identifications are based on the associated images for this record.\n\nImages 1, 2 & 4:\n\nLeft: 4\u00bc inch iron cannonball, originally weighing approximately 10 pounds. A shot of this size may have been fired by a demi culverin. Demi culverin guns fired round shot of 4 - 4\u00bd inch diameter weighing approximately 12 pounds (Collins 2016). The breaks may have happened after deposition due to the rusting and fracturing of iron.\n\nMiddle: 3\u00bc inch iron cannonball, originally weighing approximately 5 pounds. A shot of this size may have been fired by a saker. Saker guns fired round shot of 3 - 3\u00be inch diameter weighing approximately 6 pounds (Collins 2016).\n\nRight: 3\u00be inch iron cannonball, originally weighing approximately 7 pounds. A shot of this size may have been fired by a saker. This is only a fragment of the cannonball, about two-thirds remain.\n\nImages 3, 5 & 6:\n\nLeft: 2 inch stone shot (possibly granite), originally weighing approximately 1 pound. A shot of this size may have been fired by a falcon. Falcon ordnance of 2\u00bd inch calibre fired round shot weighing approximately 1\u00bd pounds (Collins 2016).\n\nMiddle: 1\u00be inch possible lead alloy shot, originally weighing approximately 12 ounces. A shot of this size may have been fired by a base. Base ordnance of 1\u00bd inch calibre fired round shot weighing approximately \u00bd a pound (Collins 2016).\n\nRight: 1\u00bc inch possible lead alloy shot, originally weighing approximately 4 ounces. A shot of this size may have been fired by a musket. A musket is a long gun, fired from the shoulder, which is muzzle-loaded and has a smooth bore (Collins 2016).", "classification":"Armour and weapons", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":39, "fromdate":1600, "todate":1875, "treasure":1, "TID":"036\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-09-14T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Ammunition", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-09-28T09:40:32Z", "updated":"2017-04-13T10:06:30Z", "secuid":"9", "quantity":6, "material":8, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":2, "manufacture":1, "preservation":4, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "createdBy":2, "countyID":19687, "county":"Essex", "fourFigure":"TQ8182", "fourFigureLat":51.50793861, "fourFigureLon":0.60677648, "what3words":"workroom.fragments.went", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Iron", "primaryMaterialBM":11019, "manufactureTerm":"Cast", "completenessTerm":"Incomplete", "preservationTerm":"Corroded", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"MAS100009Shot123a.jpg", "thumbnail":21, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:13:34.028Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-8", "id":8, "old_findID":"MAS-100008", "objecttype":"MAMMAL REMAINS", "broadperiod":"UNKNOWN", "description":"This tooth is a cattle (Bos spp) molar from the upper jaw. It has four crescentic cusps (polycuspid) forming a square crown, as well as four root elements. These characteristics are typical of selenodont teeth which are found in ruminant herbivores (e.g. cattle, goats, sheep, or deer). Viewed from the side, the crown of the tooth forms triangular profiles which, in combination with ridges, makes the sideways jaw motion of ruminants an effective way to break-up tough plant matter. Thus their function as crushing and grinding teeth.\n\nThe alternating layers of enamel, dentine and cementum are exposed. The surface of the neck of the tooth is white and grey, however, there is also a distinct bluish tinge to parts of the tooth that may indicate the presence of the iron phosphate mineral, vivianite. The presence of vivianite attached to bones is generally accepted as evidence of subfossil status.\n\nProviding a relative date for this tooth is challenging as there are numerous reasons as to why it has not fully fossilised. It may be that not enough time has elapsed since the animal died, or the conditions in which the remains were deposited may not have been optimal for fossilisation. While the domestication of cattle occurred approximately 10,500 years ago in the Near East, it is generally accepted that domesticated cattle first appeared in England during the Neolithic (circa 4,000 BC) (Lynch et al. 2008).", "classification":"Ecofacts", "periodFrom":9, "periodTo":36, "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Vertebrate remains", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-09-12T10:19:24Z", "updated":"2016-09-27T14:24:55Z", "secuid":"8", "quantity":1, "material":15, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "preservation":2, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57BC1E1600176F", "createdBy":2, "countyID":43674, "county":"Northumberland", "fourFigure":"NZ3279", "fourFigureLat":55.1043857, "fourFigureLon":-1.50000143, "what3words":"league.shunts.prices", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Animal skeletal material", "primaryMaterialBM":10232, "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Good", "periodFromName":"NEOLITHIC", "periodFromBM":"x14337", "periodToName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodToBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"Tooth01.JPG", "thumbnail":17, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:13:33.767Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-7", "id":7, "old_findID":"MAS-100007", "objecttype":"SPOON", "broadperiod":"MODERN", "description":"This spoon is made of a metal alloy, possibly copper alloy, and was probably originally plated. Its manufacture would have been cast. The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) crest is stamped into the end of the spoon. The crest features the RAAF monogram with a laurel wreath surmounted by a crown. This crest is the same style as that used for cap badges and is modelled from a Royal Air Force (RAF) crest.\n\nThe more widely adopted RAAF crest was commissioned and designed in 1937 and accepted in 1939. It is composed of the imperial crown mounted on a circle featuring the words 'Royal Australian Air Force' and overlaid with a wedge-tailed eagle. Beneath this the scroll work displays the Latin motto 'Per Ardua Ad Astra' (through adversity to the stars).\n\nThis spoon may have been issued by the RAAF victualling department for squadron members to use in the mess, or to a particular individual as one item of their personal mess gear accompanied by crockery and other cutlery. It was the Australian Defence Force that adopted the cutlery moniker 'eating irons'.\n\nThe spoon was discovered on Batten Beach, Plymouth, which is in proximity to RAF Mount Batten, a RAF station and flying boat base, and indicates the likely origin and time period of its loss, although it may have been produced any time after 1921, when the RAAF was formed.", "notes":"The RAF Station Mount Batten was used as a base for flying boats to defend south-west England since 1 October 1928. The start of the Second World War (WW2) saw an increase in operational flying from the base and it was also targeted during German air raids. Two Australian squadrons were under RAF operation control at Mount Batten during WW2: No 461 and No 10 Squadron, both flying the Short Sunderland.\n\nNo 461 Squadron was formed at RAF Mount Batten on 25 April 1942 as an anti-submarine squadron and was stationed there until 31 August 1942. It was disbanded on 4 June 1945, having destroyed six German U-boats. Sixty-four of the 86 squadron members killed were Australian.\n\nNo 10 Squadron was formed on 1 July 1939 and was the first RAAF and British Commonwealth squadron to see active service in WW2. Running anti-submarine operations and patrols, No 10 Squadron operated mainly from bases in southern Britain. It took over the base at Mount Batten in April 1940, however moved to Pembroke in May 1941. No 10 Squadron returned to Mount Batten in January 1942 and remained stationed there until it was disbanded on 26 October 1945, and left for Australia. The squadron sank six U-boats and lost 161 personnel during WW2.\n\nThe NRHE and City of Plymouth HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the base at Mount Batten.", "classification":"Food preparation and consumption", "periodFrom":41, "periodTo":41, "fromdate":1940, "todate":1945, "TID":"382\/16", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-07-25T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Cutlery", "smrRef":"1200528", "otherRef":"City of Plymouth HER Number: SX 45 SE 589", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-09-08T08:56:24Z", "updated":"2016-12-14T10:47:45Z", "secuid":"7", "quantity":1, "material":7, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "manufacture":1, "surface":"14", "preservation":4, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57BC1E1600176F", "createdBy":2, "countyID":23147, "county":"Devon", "fourFigure":"SX4853", "fourFigureLat":50.35723329, "fourFigureLon":-4.13817474, "what3words":"filled.record.crash", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Copper alloy", "primaryMaterialBM":10627, "manufactureTerm":"Cast", "treatment":"Plated", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Corroded", "periodFromName":"MODERN", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"DSC_0292.JPG", "thumbnail":15, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:13:33.498Z" } ], "facets":{ "objectType":{ "HANDAXE":3, "MAMMAL REMAINS":2, "BARREL":1, "CANNON BALL":1, "FOOD AND DRINK SERVING CONTAINER":1, "KNIFE":1, "LANDING CRAFT INFANTRY":1, "SHIPS TIMBER":1, "SHOT":1, "SPOON":1, "TIMBER":1, "UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT":1 }, "county":{ "Essex":4, "Hampshire":3, "City of Portsmouth":1, "Devon":1, "Down":1, "Isle of Wight":1, "North Yorkshire":1, "Northumberland":1, "Suffolk":1 }, "broadperiod":{ "POST MEDIEVAL":5, "MODERN":3, "PALAEOLITHIC":3, "UNKNOWN":2, "NINETEENTH CENTURY":1, "ROMAN":1 }, "institution":{ "MAS":15 }, "rulerName":[ ], "denominationName":[ ], "mintName":[ ], "materialTerm":{ "Wood":4, "Flint":3, "Animal skeletal material":2, "Iron":2, "Ceramic":1, "Copper alloy":1, "Stone":1 }, "workflow":{ "3":15 }, "reeceID":[ ] } }