{ "meta":{ "currentPage":1, "totalResults":4, "resultsPerPage":20 }, "results":[ { "findIdentifier":"finds-1", "id":1, "old_findID":"MAS-6105BA", "objecttype":"FIREARM", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"This gun is a QF (quick firing) 6-pounder Hotchkiss, a light 2.25 inch (57 mm) naval and coastal defence gun from the late 19th century. The design appears to be pre-1890 as it does not have the recoil system that was introduced at that time. The original 1885 Mk I was a built-up gun with a vertical sliding-block breech. The name comes from the French manufacturing company, Hotchkiss, who were the major supplier of light QF guns in the world. This type of gun became a standard torpedo defence weapon; many navies bought this same type of gun (Friedman 2011).", "notes":"This gun was ship mounted and from the location given may have come from the French merchant vessel, SS Saint Andre, a 2457 tons French, screw-driven cargo steamer. In France in 1915, it was decided to arm merchant ships with guns against U-boats. Initially, small naval guns were used, with French steamers of more than 500 tons being issued with two guns with a calibre of 90 mm or more in three stages. First, all ships were armed with at least one gun. These small-calibre guns (47 mm, 57 mm, 65 mm) were then replaced with one more powerful gun. Finally, all steamers were armed with a gun more powerful than 90 mm. In a two-year period between 1916 and 1918, over 1600 merchant ships received one gun and another 400 received a second (Friedman 2011).\n\nSS Saint Andre was built by Ateliers & Chantiers de France, a company founded in 1880, in Dunkerque in 1907 as Yard No. 46. On 19 December 1917, SS Saint Andre was on a voyage from Rouen, France, to Algiers, Algeria, with a cargo of empty casks and barrels, when it was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine UB-58, commanded by Kapit\u00e4nleutnant Werner F\u00fcrbringer, nine miles southwest of the Eddystone Lighthouse, Devon. At the time of sinking the vessel was owned by Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Navale de l'Ouest, Le Havre. Saint Andre now lies in approximately 70 m of water. NRHE and Cornwall HER reference numbers cited within this record refer to the wreck of SS Saint Andre. Due to the ambiguity of the gun having come from the wreck of SS Saint Andre, the chronology of the find is broader.", "classification":"Armour and weapons", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "fromdate":1885, "todate":1950, "treasure":1, "TID":"150\/16", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Projectile weapon", "smrRef":"1257850", "otherRef":"Cornwall HER Number: SX 33 SE 77", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-07-25T14:12:59Z", "updated":"2016-08-26T12:44:03Z", "secuid":"PAS5796105B001ACC", "quantity":1, "material":24, "secondaryMaterial":8, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "manufacture":1, "preservation":4, "discovery":14, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57BC1E1600176F", "createdBy":2, "countyID":43750, "county":"Cornwall", "fourFigure":"SX1707", "fourFigureLat":49.93511828, "fourFigureLon":-4.55145117, "what3words":"contemporary.rickety.muesli", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Steel", "primaryMaterialBM":11786, "secondaryMaterialTerm":"Iron", "secondaryMaterialBM":11019, "manufactureTerm":"Cast", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Corroded", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Fishing", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"MAS6105BA_Image1.jpg", "thumbnail":7, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:02:14.548Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-7", "id":7, "old_findID":"MAS-100007", "objecttype":"SPOON", "broadperiod":"MODERN", "description":"This spoon is made of a metal alloy, possibly copper alloy, and was probably originally plated. Its manufacture would have been cast. The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) crest is stamped into the end of the spoon. The crest features the RAAF monogram with a laurel wreath surmounted by a crown. This crest is the same style as that used for cap badges and is modelled from a Royal Air Force (RAF) crest.\n\nThe more widely adopted RAAF crest was commissioned and designed in 1937 and accepted in 1939. It is composed of the imperial crown mounted on a circle featuring the words 'Royal Australian Air Force' and overlaid with a wedge-tailed eagle. Beneath this the scroll work displays the Latin motto 'Per Ardua Ad Astra' (through adversity to the stars).\n\nThis spoon may have been issued by the RAAF victualling department for squadron members to use in the mess, or to a particular individual as one item of their personal mess gear accompanied by crockery and other cutlery. It was the Australian Defence Force that adopted the cutlery moniker 'eating irons'.\n\nThe spoon was discovered on Batten Beach, Plymouth, which is in proximity to RAF Mount Batten, a RAF station and flying boat base, and indicates the likely origin and time period of its loss, although it may have been produced any time after 1921, when the RAAF was formed.", "notes":"The RAF Station Mount Batten was used as a base for flying boats to defend south-west England since 1 October 1928. The start of the Second World War (WW2) saw an increase in operational flying from the base and it was also targeted during German air raids. Two Australian squadrons were under RAF operation control at Mount Batten during WW2: No 461 and No 10 Squadron, both flying the Short Sunderland.\n\nNo 461 Squadron was formed at RAF Mount Batten on 25 April 1942 as an anti-submarine squadron and was stationed there until 31 August 1942. It was disbanded on 4 June 1945, having destroyed six German U-boats. Sixty-four of the 86 squadron members killed were Australian.\n\nNo 10 Squadron was formed on 1 July 1939 and was the first RAAF and British Commonwealth squadron to see active service in WW2. Running anti-submarine operations and patrols, No 10 Squadron operated mainly from bases in southern Britain. It took over the base at Mount Batten in April 1940, however moved to Pembroke in May 1941. No 10 Squadron returned to Mount Batten in January 1942 and remained stationed there until it was disbanded on 26 October 1945, and left for Australia. The squadron sank six U-boats and lost 161 personnel during WW2.\n\nThe NRHE and City of Plymouth HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the base at Mount Batten.", "classification":"Food preparation and consumption", "periodFrom":41, "periodTo":41, "fromdate":1940, "todate":1945, "TID":"382\/16", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-07-25T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Cutlery", "smrRef":"1200528", "otherRef":"City of Plymouth HER Number: SX 45 SE 589", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-09-08T08:56:24Z", "updated":"2016-12-14T10:47:45Z", "secuid":"7", "quantity":1, "material":7, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "manufacture":1, "surface":"14", "preservation":4, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57BC1E1600176F", "createdBy":2, "countyID":23147, "county":"Devon", "fourFigure":"SX4853", "fourFigureLat":50.35723329, "fourFigureLon":-4.13817474, "what3words":"filled.record.crash", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Copper alloy", "primaryMaterialBM":10627, "manufactureTerm":"Cast", "treatment":"Plated", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Corroded", "periodFromName":"MODERN", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"DSC_0292.JPG", "thumbnail":15, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:13:33.498Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-9", "id":9, "old_findID":"MAS-100009", "objecttype":"SHOT", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"This is an assemblage of six round cast iron and stone projectiles of varying sizes. Due to the ubiquitous nature of their design, it is difficult to accurately date cannonballs with any certainty. This issue is compounded by the wide variation in designs and calibres of the cannons that fired them and the lifespan of the weapon, with obsolete designs often still in use on merchant ships long after they had fallen out of service with the various navies of Northern Europe, who also used captured weapons on their vessels. Cast iron cannonballs are thought to have appeared at some point during the 15th century and were used as late as the last quarter of the 19th century, having gradually superseded stone cannonballs. By this time, rifled artillery had become the norm. From their general condition and flaking, these examples are heavily corroded. The round shot of speckled appearance could be granite, and may pre-date the cast iron round shot. An element of lead may also be involved in the manufacture of some of the shot in this assemblage.\n\nThe following potential identifications are based on the associated images for this record.\n\nImages 1, 2 & 4:\n\nLeft: 4\u00bc inch iron cannonball, originally weighing approximately 10 pounds. A shot of this size may have been fired by a demi culverin. Demi culverin guns fired round shot of 4 - 4\u00bd inch diameter weighing approximately 12 pounds (Collins 2016). The breaks may have happened after deposition due to the rusting and fracturing of iron.\n\nMiddle: 3\u00bc inch iron cannonball, originally weighing approximately 5 pounds. A shot of this size may have been fired by a saker. Saker guns fired round shot of 3 - 3\u00be inch diameter weighing approximately 6 pounds (Collins 2016).\n\nRight: 3\u00be inch iron cannonball, originally weighing approximately 7 pounds. A shot of this size may have been fired by a saker. This is only a fragment of the cannonball, about two-thirds remain.\n\nImages 3, 5 & 6:\n\nLeft: 2 inch stone shot (possibly granite), originally weighing approximately 1 pound. A shot of this size may have been fired by a falcon. Falcon ordnance of 2\u00bd inch calibre fired round shot weighing approximately 1\u00bd pounds (Collins 2016).\n\nMiddle: 1\u00be inch possible lead alloy shot, originally weighing approximately 12 ounces. A shot of this size may have been fired by a base. Base ordnance of 1\u00bd inch calibre fired round shot weighing approximately \u00bd a pound (Collins 2016).\n\nRight: 1\u00bc inch possible lead alloy shot, originally weighing approximately 4 ounces. A shot of this size may have been fired by a musket. A musket is a long gun, fired from the shoulder, which is muzzle-loaded and has a smooth bore (Collins 2016).", "classification":"Armour and weapons", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":39, "fromdate":1600, "todate":1875, "treasure":1, "TID":"036\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-09-14T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Ammunition", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-09-28T09:40:32Z", "updated":"2017-04-13T10:06:30Z", "secuid":"9", "quantity":6, "material":8, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":2, "manufacture":1, "preservation":4, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "createdBy":2, "countyID":19687, "county":"Essex", "fourFigure":"TQ8182", "fourFigureLat":51.50793861, "fourFigureLon":0.60677648, "what3words":"workroom.fragments.went", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Iron", "primaryMaterialBM":11019, "manufactureTerm":"Cast", "completenessTerm":"Incomplete", "preservationTerm":"Corroded", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"MAS100009Shot123a.jpg", "thumbnail":21, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:13:34.028Z" }, { "findIdentifier":"finds-124", "id":124, "old_findID":"MAS-O100124", "objecttype":"BRASS", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"One ornate brass piece. The piece has an aperture in the middle, in the centre of a circular disc which is itself recessed slightly into the surface. The disc extends laterally into two leaf-shaped limbs, which are decoratively styled and form curved arrows at their tips. At the end of each limb there is a circular hole, which was likely used to fasten the brass piece to its host object. These holes are countersunk, presumably to accommodate the heads of screws. The piece is approximately 90 mm in length, with a width of 40 mm and thickness of 2 mm. The diameter of the two larger holes on the limbs is 5mm approximately, and the diameter of the central hole is around 2-3 mm, with the central disc of the piece having a diameter of 4 mm.\n\nWhilst by no means certain, this object appears to be a fitting for an item of furniture. The recess around the central hole appears to be designed to accommodate the base of a circular or spherical\/hemispherical object, suggestive of a handle or knob, while the two other holes are for securing the brass plate to the item of furniture. This, therefore, may be a bracket for a drawer or door handle on an item of furniture.", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":41, "TID":"320\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-09-08T00:00:00Z", "created":"2017-09-11T19:19:58Z", "updated":"2020-03-27T15:02:05Z", "secuid":"124", "thickness":2, "width":40, "length":90, "quantity":1, "material":7, "completeness":4, "manufacture":1, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5C5037EF001C03", "createdBy":2, "fourFigure":"SW8220", "fourFigureLat":50.04012553, "fourFigureLon":-5.04588056, "what3words":"loaning.rounds.drifters", "precision":6, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Copper alloy", "primaryMaterialBM":10627, "manufactureTerm":"Cast", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"MODERN", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "filename":"124_IMG_01.jpg", "thumbnail":324, "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"PT", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:16:41.294Z" } ], "facets":{ "objectType":{ "BRASS":1, "FIREARM":1, "SHOT":1, "SPOON":1 }, "county":{ "Cornwall":1, "Devon":1, "Essex":1 }, "broadperiod":{ "POST MEDIEVAL":2, "MODERN":1, "NINETEENTH CENTURY":1 }, "institution":{ "MAS":4 }, "rulerName":[ ], "denominationName":[ ], "mintName":[ ], "materialTerm":{ "Copper alloy":2, "Iron":1, "Steel":1 }, "workflow":{ "3":4 }, "reeceID":[ ] } }