{ "meta":{ "currentPage":1, "totalResults":51, "resultsPerPage":20 }, "type":"FeatureCollection", "features":[ { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ -4.55145117, 49.93511828 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-1", "id":1, "old_findID":"MAS-6105BA", "objecttype":"FIREARM", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"This gun is a QF (quick firing) 6-pounder Hotchkiss, a light 2.25 inch (57 mm) naval and coastal defence gun from the late 19th century. The design appears to be pre-1890 as it does not have the recoil system that was introduced at that time. The original 1885 Mk I was a built-up gun with a vertical sliding-block breech. The name comes from the French manufacturing company, Hotchkiss, who were the major supplier of light QF guns in the world. This type of gun became a standard torpedo defence weapon; many navies bought this same type of gun (Friedman 2011).", "notes":"This gun was ship mounted and from the location given may have come from the French merchant vessel, SS Saint Andre, a 2457 tons French, screw-driven cargo steamer. In France in 1915, it was decided to arm merchant ships with guns against U-boats. Initially, small naval guns were used, with French steamers of more than 500 tons being issued with two guns with a calibre of 90 mm or more in three stages. First, all ships were armed with at least one gun. These small-calibre guns (47 mm, 57 mm, 65 mm) were then replaced with one more powerful gun. Finally, all steamers were armed with a gun more powerful than 90 mm. In a two-year period between 1916 and 1918, over 1600 merchant ships received one gun and another 400 received a second (Friedman 2011).\n\nSS Saint Andre was built by Ateliers & Chantiers de France, a company founded in 1880, in Dunkerque in 1907 as Yard No. 46. On 19 December 1917, SS Saint Andre was on a voyage from Rouen, France, to Algiers, Algeria, with a cargo of empty casks and barrels, when it was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine UB-58, commanded by Kapit\u00e4nleutnant Werner F\u00fcrbringer, nine miles southwest of the Eddystone Lighthouse, Devon. At the time of sinking the vessel was owned by Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Navale de l'Ouest, Le Havre. Saint Andre now lies in approximately 70 m of water. NRHE and Cornwall HER reference numbers cited within this record refer to the wreck of SS Saint Andre. Due to the ambiguity of the gun having come from the wreck of SS Saint Andre, the chronology of the find is broader.", "classification":"Armour and weapons", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "fromdate":1885, "todate":1950, "treasure":1, "TID":"150\/16", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Projectile weapon", "smrRef":"1257850", "otherRef":"Cornwall HER Number: SX 33 SE 77", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-07-25T14:12:59Z", "updated":"2016-08-26T12:44:03Z", "secuid":"PAS5796105B001ACC", "quantity":1, "material":24, "secondaryMaterial":8, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "manufacture":1, "preservation":4, "discovery":14, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57BC1E1600176F", "createdBy":2, "countyID":43750, "county":"Cornwall", "fourFigure":"SX1707", "fourFigureLat":49.93511828, "fourFigureLon":-4.55145117, "what3words":"contemporary.rickety.muesli", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Steel", "primaryMaterialBM":11786, "secondaryMaterialTerm":"Iron", "secondaryMaterialBM":11019, "manufactureTerm":"Cast", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Corroded", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Fishing", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"MAS6105BA_Image1.jpg", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/7.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:02:14.548Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/1" }, "id":1 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.4013985, 51.1457526 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-4", "id":4, "old_findID":"MAS-100004", "objecttype":"CLAY PIPE (SMOKING)", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"All three white pipes here are complete, and are of the short or 'cutty' form. Two carry relief moulded decoration featuring Masonic emblems (incorporating the crossed compass and square), while the third is in the form of a male head, wearing a thin-brimmed cap, possibly a military figure. Pipes with Masonic emblems were made from the mid-18th century in the UK, but remained popular into the early 20th century, while the male head falls into a group of more elaborate decorative pipes with bowls moulded in the form of human heads and animals, common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Such decorative pipes would have been commonly exported. Tobacco was grown in West Africa from the 17th century; the inhabitants made their own pipes, the manufacture evolving from that of pottery vessels, but they also imported some through the Atlantic trade (Knight 2010, 67). The inclusion here of the Masonic pipes is of interest; their use was not necessarily confined to Freemasons, but it is likely that they would have been of greater significance to smokers for whom the symbols they bore had meaning (White and Beaudry 2009, 220).", "notes":"These clay pipes were recovered from the wreck \u200bLoanda, along with 26 beads recorded as MAS-1F5444. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.", "classification":"Dress and personal accessories", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":41, "fromdate":1750, "todate":1908, "treasure":1, "TID":"196\/16", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-07-12T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Personal accessory", "smrRef":"901835", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-07-28T14:12:59Z", "updated":"2019-01-29T13:01:43Z", "secuid":"4", "thickness":40, "length":125, "quantity":3, "material":5, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "decstyle":3, "manufacture":9, "preservation":1, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57BC1E1600176F", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3844", "fourFigureLat":51.1457526, "fourFigureLon":1.4013985, "what3words":"ramp.slouched.ambient", "precision":10, "findspotcode":"MAS-A50DBF", "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "decstyleTerm":"Other", "manufactureTerm":"Moulded", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Fair", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"MODERN", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"P1050093.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/3.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:14:02.986Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/4" }, "id":4 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.4013985, 51.1457526 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-3", "id":3, "old_findID":"MAS-1F5444", "objecttype":"BEAD", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"Twenty-six long drawn beads with a single cylindrical central perforation extending along the length of the bead. Varying in size, the beads measure approximately 25 mm in length and 8 mm in diameter, and some signs of wear are visible. The beads all have an opaque white core, cased in opaque red, cased in opaque white and finally cased in translucent blue on the exterior. The inner layers form a star pattern. The diameter cross-section is roughly cylindrical in the centre, whilst at the upper and lower ends the cross-section changes to become faceted in an octagonal shape, allowing the layers to be seen from the side. These polychrome beads are of a type known as 'chevron' or 'rosetta' beads, which for several hundred years have been a speciality of the Venetian glassmakers. First appearing in the late 15th century, they were made from a short section of drawn-out hollow cane in a translucent greenish glass, coated with six further layers of white, translucent greenish, red and blue glass, and given a star-like cross-section by pressing in a 12-pointed corrugated mould; the canes were then cut into short lengths and the ends ground to expose the inner layers. Later beads may have fewer layers; they are still being made in Venice today, albeit in very small quantities. These beads can reach up to 90 mm in length and 60 mm in diameter, however the more common size is 20-30 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter. In the UK, chevron beads usually belong to 16th or 17th century contexts, but they were also made in quantity for export to West Africa and the Americas, and the peak of production came during the 19th and early 20th centuries. These later beads were usually of four and six layers, in red, blue and white. Chevron beads are still highly valued in present-day West Africa, where they continue to be worn for prestige and ceremonial purposes, and are occasionally buried with the dead.", "notes":"These beads were recovered from the wreck of \u200bLoanda\u200b, along with three clay pipes recorded as MAS-100004. \u200bBuilt in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.", "classification":"Dress and personal accessories", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":41, "fromdate":1500, "todate":1908, "treasure":1, "TID":"196\/16", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-07-12T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Jewellery", "smrRef":"901835", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-08-03T14:44:36Z", "updated":"2016-09-30T11:57:40Z", "secuid":"PAS57A1F5440013D6", "diameter":8, "length":25, "quantity":26, "material":18, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "decstyle":3, "manufacture":17, "preservation":1, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57BC1E1600176F", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3844", "fourFigureLat":51.1457526, "fourFigureLon":1.4013985, "what3words":"ramp.slouched.ambient", "precision":10, "findspotcode":"MAS-1FC389", "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Glass", "primaryMaterialBM":10879, "decstyleTerm":"Other", "manufactureTerm":"Drawn", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Fair", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"MODERN", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"P1050090.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/2.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:04:48.598Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/3" }, "id":3 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ -4.13817474, 50.35723329 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-7", "id":7, "old_findID":"MAS-100007", "objecttype":"SPOON", "broadperiod":"MODERN", "description":"This spoon is made of a metal alloy, possibly copper alloy, and was probably originally plated. Its manufacture would have been cast. The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) crest is stamped into the end of the spoon. The crest features the RAAF monogram with a laurel wreath surmounted by a crown. This crest is the same style as that used for cap badges and is modelled from a Royal Air Force (RAF) crest. The more widely adopted RAAF crest was commissioned and designed in 1937 and accepted in 1939. It is composed of the imperial crown mounted on a circle featuring the words 'Royal Australian Air Force' and overlaid with a wedge-tailed eagle. Beneath this the scroll work displays the Latin motto 'Per Ardua Ad Astra' (through adversity to the stars). This spoon may have been issued by the RAAF victualling department for squadron members to use in the mess, or to a particular individual as one item of their personal mess gear accompanied by crockery and other cutlery. It was the Australian Defence Force that adopted the cutlery moniker 'eating irons'. The spoon was discovered on Batten Beach, Plymouth, which is in proximity to RAF Mount Batten, a RAF station and flying boat base, and indicates the likely origin and time period of its loss, although it may have been produced any time after 1921, when the RAAF was formed.", "notes":"The RAF Station Mount Batten was used as a base for flying boats to defend south-west England since 1 October 1928. The start of the Second World War (WW2) saw an increase in operational flying from the base and it was also targeted during German air raids. Two Australian squadrons were under RAF operation control at Mount Batten during WW2: No 461 and No 10 Squadron, both flying the Short Sunderland.\n\nNo 461 Squadron was formed at RAF Mount Batten on 25 April 1942 as an anti-submarine squadron and was stationed there until 31 August 1942. It was disbanded on 4 June 1945, having destroyed six German U-boats. Sixty-four of the 86 squadron members killed were Australian.\n\nNo 10 Squadron was formed on 1 July 1939 and was the first RAAF and British Commonwealth squadron to see active service in WW2. Running anti-submarine operations and patrols, No 10 Squadron operated mainly from bases in southern Britain. It took over the base at Mount Batten in April 1940, however moved to Pembroke in May 1941. No 10 Squadron returned to Mount Batten in January 1942 and remained stationed there until it was disbanded on 26 October 1945, and left for Australia. The squadron sank six U-boats and lost 161 personnel during WW2.\n\nThe NRHE and City of Plymouth HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the base at Mount Batten.", "classification":"Food preparation and consumption", "periodFrom":41, "periodTo":41, "fromdate":1940, "todate":1945, "TID":"382\/16", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-07-25T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Cutlery", "smrRef":"1200528", "otherRef":"City of Plymouth HER Number: SX 45 SE 589", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-09-08T08:56:24Z", "updated":"2016-12-14T10:47:45Z", "secuid":"7", "quantity":1, "material":7, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "manufacture":1, "surface":"14", "preservation":4, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57BC1E1600176F", "createdBy":2, "countyID":23147, "county":"Devon", "fourFigure":"SX4853", "fourFigureLat":50.35723329, "fourFigureLon":-4.13817474, "what3words":"filled.record.crash", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Copper alloy", "primaryMaterialBM":10627, "manufactureTerm":"Cast", "treatment":"Plated", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Corroded", "periodFromName":"MODERN", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"DSC_0292.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/15.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:13:33.498Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/7" }, "id":7 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ -4.20632722, 50.31098713 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-11", "id":11, "old_findID":"MAS-100011", "objecttype":"CLAY PIPE (SMOKING)", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"This is a very worn example of a 'cutty' (short) pipe (total length 115 mm) with a round-based spurless bowl imitating a briar pipe, and decorated with multiple 'thorns' - small pointed protrusions around the stem and bowl. This type of bowl was in use between c. 1850 and 1910 (Atkinson and Oswald 1969: type 30), and the thorn design was one of the many decorative types popular during this period (e.g. Ayto 1994:11; Hammond 2009: figure 7). Clay tobacco pipes were manufactured (using two-piece moulds) in huge quantities in many towns and cities around the UK and were also imported from the Continent. They were cheap, highly disposable items, often given away with a pint of beer by the local publican. The short 'cutty' pipes were popular with working men as they could be smoked while working, whereas the longer pipes were more for smoking at leisure. This clay pipe was found approximately 250 m outside the offshore designated area for the HMS Coronation wreck site. The period of the pipe's manufacture confirms that it is not associated with this vessel, which was wrecked in 1691. The pipe's location is thought to be within an extensive dumping site featuring artefacts dating from the 19th century through to the modern period.", "notes":"Although the clay pipe is not associated with HMS Coronation, there is still the potential for small and delicate items to be discovered beyond the extent of the protected areas that may be associated with the wreck.\n\nHMS Coronation was an English Royal Navy Second Rate ship of the line, armed with 90 guns. Built at Portsmouth Dockyard and launched in 1685, it was wrecked in a storm in 1691 off Rame Head, Cornwall, with the loss of approximately 600 lives (Lavery 1983: 162).\n\nAfter the discovery of the site in 1967, it was protected in 1978 under the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 (1978 - Coronation offshore Site 17; 1989 - Coronation inshore Site 33). The offshore site has an exclusion zone radius of 150 m, while the inshore site has an exclusion zone radius of 250 m. Divers may apply for a licence to visit these sites.\n\nThe NRHE and Cornwall & Scilly HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of HMS Coronation.", "classification":"Dress and personal accessories", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "fromdate":1850, "todate":1910, "treasure":1, "TID":"298\/16", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-09-23T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Personal accessory", "smrRef":"1082129; 1082130", "otherRef":"Cornwall & Scilly HER Number: SX 44 NW 53; SX 44 NW 54", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-09-28T13:16:16Z", "updated":"2016-10-12T14:23:58Z", "secuid":"11", "length":115, "quantity":1, "material":5, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "decstyle":3, "manufacture":9, "preservation":1, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57BC1E1600176F", "createdBy":2, "countyID":43750, "county":"Cornwall", "fourFigure":"SX4348", "fourFigureLat":50.31098713, "fourFigureLon":-4.20632722, "what3words":"strict.crackles.falters", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "decstyleTerm":"Other", "manufactureTerm":"Moulded", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Fair", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"WP_20160926_16_45_23_Pro.jpg", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/29.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:05.486Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/11" }, "id":11 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.32763397, 52.1013196 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-12", "id":12, "old_findID":"MAS-100012", "objecttype":"LANDING CRAFT INFANTRY", "broadperiod":"MODERN", "description":"This hulk is situated on the River Deben, just outside of Melton (Suffolk) and is estimated to measure 11.5 m in length and 3 m in width. The structure is rectangular in shape with squared edges and straight sides. One end suggests the presence of a bulkhead and a hatch or doorway, while the other end is missing. Parts of possible rudder components are located close to the bulkhead, suggesting that this is the stern. Internal frames can be seen throughout the remaining structure; estimated measurements reveal a spacing of approximately 0.42 m. The hull is constructed of wood in a double diagonal layout, with metal plating over the top on the exterior of the hull. The hulk shows extensive deterioration and many of its fixtures and fittings have been stripped. A large proportion of the vessel is now missing. The shape, size and construction are all indicative of a British Landing Craft Assault (LCA) from the Second World War (WW2). The basic structure of this type of landing craft was a double diagonal wooden hull, commonly built using mahogany (Lavery 2009:20), although other timber species were used to keep up with the number of vessels required. Steel armour plating was then added as an outer skin. The overall length of an LCA was 12.7 m (41.6 ft) with a beam of 3 m (10 ft) (Royal Marines Museum). The main feature of LCA's was the bow ramp, used for amphibious landings such as on D-Day. This part of the vessel appears to be missing and may explain why the hulk has no bulkhead or bow features. The main use of the vessel was for troop transport; this featureless area took up most of the length of the hull. The internal frame spacing of LCA's was 0.45 m (Lavery 2009:21). At the after end of the troop compartment was a watertight bulkhead that separated the engine room (Lavery 2009:19). This bulkhead had a hatch for access by the stoker, which may be what is visible on the remaining hulk. After the engine room there was no further armour plating, which serves to explain the complete loss of the stern. It is difficult to positively identify this vessel as, athough the hulk displays several characteristics of an LCA, with the overall lack of structure it is possible that the remains may be of a barge or similar vessel.", "notes":"The British LCA was developed early in WW2 to meet the need for landing troops on invasion beaches, being built between 1939 and 1945. The LCA was developed from a prototype designed by John Thornycroft Ltd, who then took up much of the LCA construction throughout the war (Lavery 2009:18). The landing craft proved to be a vital tool in WW2, particularly in the invasion of mainland Europe. The vessel allowed troops to be ferried from the main transport to the beachhead, with a shallow draft allowing it to be driven right into the shallows. Additionally, the low silhouette and almost silent engines added to the success of the vessel. \n\nIf this vessel is an LCA, its location suggests that it was possibly used as a training vessel. The south coast of Suffolk was extensively used for all kinds of training during WW2. A large area directly to the east of Woodbridge, and across the river from the hulk, was acquisitioned by the military for training purposes (Liddiard and Sims 2014:37). The coastline also made it ideal for training in amphibious landings.\n\nThe NRHE and Suffolk HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the 'Melton (north) hulk assemblage', an assemblage of seven hulked vessels in the intertidal zone at Melton, on the north bank of the River Deben. This site is recorded in two surveys: Rapid Field Survey of the Suffolk Coast and Intertidal Zone (Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service 2003) and Hulk Assemblages: Assessing the national context (Museum of London Archaeology 2011, 2013), however no vessel types are recorded. It has also been recorded through the Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network (CITiZAN) No. 82023. ", "classification":"Maritime craft", "periodFrom":41, "periodTo":41, "fromdate":1939, "todate":1945, "treasure":1, "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-09-30T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Landing craft", "smrRef":"1526476", "otherRef":"Suffolk HER: TM 25 SE 52", "currentLocation":"In situ", "created":"2016-09-30T16:14:24Z", "updated":"2016-10-10T11:56:02Z", "secuid":"12", "width":3000, "length":11500, "quantity":1, "material":14, "secondaryMaterial":24, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":2, "preservation":3, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57F2732E001889", "createdBy":2, "countyID":15934, "county":"Suffolk", "fourFigure":"TM2850", "fourFigureLat":52.1013196, "fourFigureLon":1.32763397, "what3words":"hindering.declines.plays", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Wood", "primaryMaterialBM":11988, "secondaryMaterialTerm":"Steel", "secondaryMaterialBM":11786, "completenessTerm":"Incomplete", "preservationTerm":"Poor", "periodFromName":"MODERN", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"image1.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/33.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"TH", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:05.763Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/12" }, "id":12 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 0.60677648, 51.50793861 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-16", "id":16, "old_findID":"MAS-100016", "objecttype":"UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"This assemblage of metal objects includes an iron handle possibly inscribed with letters; a lead sailmakers palm guard; a bronze scribe; a small gun powder measure; a cup; and what are possibly a musket ball and a rivet; along with several other metal objects of unknown function. All the items appear to be post medieval in date. It is thought that these finds are either being washed into the area from another location or are being exposed by erosion, as each visit to the location reveals more objects.", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"038\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-10-16T00:00:00Z", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-10-17T10:36:11Z", "updated":"2017-08-15T10:49:03Z", "secuid":"16", "quantity":17, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":3, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":19687, "county":"Essex", "fourFigure":"TQ8182", "fourFigureLat":51.50793861, "fourFigureLon":0.60677648, "what3words":"workroom.fragments.went", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "completenessTerm":"Uncertain", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"MODERN", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"MAS100016b.jpg", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/56.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:06.736Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/16" }, "id":16 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 0.60677648, 51.50793861 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-17", "id":17, "old_findID":"MAS-100017", "objecttype":"MAMMAL REMAINS", "broadperiod":"UNKNOWN", "description":"This cattle mandible, or lower jaw, is comprised of two incomplete sections; cattle mandibles are rarely encountered in the archaeological record as conjoined pairs (Zhang et al. 2013). The smaller piece is an incomplete section featuring both pre-molars and molars. The larger piece is fairly complete, with the exception of teeth, extending all the way to the part in which the incisors and canines would be located. This front section is separated from the molar and pre-molar root holes by the diastema. Providing a relative date for this cattle mandible is challenging without further examination.", "notes":"Cattle are arguably the most important species of livestock - providing products such as meat, milk and leather; and strength for agricultural tasks (e.g. ploughing) (Zhang et al. 2013). The domestication of cattle (Bos spp) is generally accepted to have occurred around 10,500 years ago in the Near East (Zhang et al. 2013). Cattle dentition is an important archaeological signature of ancient cattle husbandry, as dentition varies between individual cattle due to genetics, diet and the geographical location in which they were raised. The age of an animal at death can also be determined by the stage of dental development and the wear of the mandibular teeth (McGrory et al. 2012: 3224).", "classification":"Ecofacts", "periodFrom":29, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-10-17T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Vertebrate remains", "currentLocation":"In situ", "created":"2016-10-18T08:58:44Z", "updated":"2017-01-16T15:01:10Z", "secuid":"17", "quantity":2, "material":15, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":2, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57C96ECD001E82", "createdBy":2, "countyID":19687, "county":"Essex", "fourFigure":"TQ8182", "fourFigureLat":51.50793861, "fourFigureLon":0.60677648, "what3words":"workroom.fragments.went", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Animal skeletal material", "primaryMaterialBM":10232, "completenessTerm":"Incomplete", "periodFromName":"MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x14221", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"IMG_20161016_080811389.jpg", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/64.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:06.973Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/17" }, "id":17 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ -0.96494213, 54.57977665 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-26", "id":26, "old_findID":"MAS-O100026", "objecttype":"SHIPS TIMBER", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"Two fragments of waterlogged wood with two copper fasteners dating from the post-medieval period onwards. The wood may be the remains of two planks of wood used in the construction of a ship as the planks are secured with one copper fastening and a hole is visible where another fastening may have also been used. Copper rivets are the standard method of fastening the planks to each other in clinker constructed vessels, or in the planks to the ribs or frames (Traditional Maritime Skills website, accessed September 2017). Clinker is a method of constructing the hull of a boat by fixing wooden planks so that the planks overlap along their edges. The overlapping joint is called a land. If the plank is too short for the hull, it would be necessary to extend the plank by joining with another piece of wood. Planks are also known as strakes (rubbing strake for example) so this method is also known as lapstrake. It is a very traditional method of ship construction. Metallic fastenings followed on from tree nails (also commonly known as trunnels and trennels), which were an older method of securing two planks together using wooden 'nails'.", "classification":"TRANSPORT", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"008\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-01-28T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"VESSEL COMPONENT", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-01-28T22:05:37Z", "updated":"2018-05-22T15:29:15Z", "secuid":"26", "quantity":2, "material":14, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":1, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "createdBy":2, "countyID":22028, "county":"North Yorkshire", "fourFigure":"NZ6721", "fourFigureLat":54.57977665, "fourFigureLon":-0.96494213, "what3words":"trek.amazed.stated", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Wood", "primaryMaterialBM":11988, "completenessTerm":"Fragment", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"IMG_0877.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/83.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:09.369Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/26" }, "id":26 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ -1.0227273, 50.77748385 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-31", "id":31, "old_findID":"MAS-O100031", "objecttype":"TIMBER", "broadperiod":"MODERN", "description":"Possible ships timber or part of other marine or land based structure. Truncated rounded timber with hole and evidence of mounting plate for furniture, broken or rotted off at one end exposing heart wood and a knot in the wood. Approximately 2000 mm long and 600 mm in diameter. The undamaged half of the timber appears in good condition, implying a more recent date for the timber, whereas the other part appears to have suffered extensive degradation. The arrangement of damage to the timber suggests it may have been partially submerged during its useful life, possibly as part of a shore based instalment such as a jetty or quay.", "classification":"Timber", "periodFrom":29, "periodTo":41, "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-03-09T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Unclassified worked timber", "created":"2017-03-09T16:32:49Z", "updated":"2020-02-21T11:57:28Z", "secuid":"31", "diameter":600, "length":2000, "quantity":1, "material":14, "completeness":2, "preservation":3, "discovery":5, "recorderID":"PAS5C5037EF001C03", "createdBy":2, "countyID":17765, "county":"Hampshire", "fourFigure":"SZ6998", "fourFigureLat":50.77748385, "fourFigureLon":-1.0227273, "what3words":"minute.catch.muddy", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Wood", "primaryMaterialBM":11988, "completenessTerm":"Incomplete", "preservationTerm":"Poor", "periodFromName":"MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x14221", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Coastal walking", "filename":"IMG_2450.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/92.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"PT", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:10.753Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/31" }, "id":31 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ -1.93069645, 50.6106936 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-42", "id":42, "old_findID":"MAS-D100042", "objecttype":"BOWL", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"Fragment of white ceramic bowl or lid marked with black and white geometric design and number '23'. Number appears to be hand-painted or stamped. Found loose on the seabed with a little marine growth present. This is a naval issue bowl probably used for drinking rather than smaller, handled cups, as they were more practical on board a ship. The number refers to the mess number, and the bowls were designed to be stored upside-down. The find dates to the late 19th or 20th century.", "classification":"CONTAINER", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"119\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-05-03T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"FOOD SERVING CONTAINER", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-05-29T15:59:39Z", "updated":"2017-09-26T13:19:10Z", "secuid":"42", "thickness":5, "width":110, "length":160, "quantity":1, "material":5, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":1, "decstyle":1, "preservation":3, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":14362, "county":"Dorset", "fourFigure":"SZ0579", "fourFigureLat":50.6106936, "fourFigureLon":-1.93069645, "what3words":"excuse.snore.bookings", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "decstyleTerm":"Geometric", "completenessTerm":"Fragment", "preservationTerm":"Poor", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"Lid3.jpg", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/147.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:13.613Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/42" }, "id":42 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.4013985, 51.1457526 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-79", "id":79, "old_findID":"MAS-D100079", "objecttype":"CLAY PIPE (SMOKING)", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"All three pipes here are complete and are of the short or 'cutty' form. Two of the pipes measure 100 mm and have bowls in the form of a male head, wearing a thin-brimmed cap, while the third, which measures 120 mm, has a simple impression pattern around the outside of the rim. The male head on two of the pipes has previously been thought to represent a military figure or the head of a French soldier. They fall into a group of more elaborate decorative pipes with bowls moulded in the form of human heads and animals, that were common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Such decorative pipes would have been commonly exported. Tobacco was grown in West Africa from the 17th century, where the inhabitants made their own pipes. The manufacture evolved from that of pottery vessels, but they also imported some through the Atlantic trade (Knight 2010, 67), which is likely what these pipes represent.", "notes":"These items were found with five gin bottles (MAS-D100063) and two perfume bottles (MAS-D100080).\n\nAll of these items were recovered from the wreck \u200bLoanda. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.\n\nNRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.", "classification":"DRESS AND PERSONAL ACCESSORIES", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"185\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-07-12T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"PIPE (SMOKING)", "smrRef":"901835", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-07-15T15:13:43Z", "updated":"2020-03-30T14:10:58Z", "secuid":"79", "length":100, "quantity":3, "material":5, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "decstyle":7, "preservation":1, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3844", "fourFigureLat":51.1457526, "fourFigureLon":1.4013985, "what3words":"ramp.slouched.ambient", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "decstyleTerm":"Figurative", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Fair", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"63_Pipe2.jpg", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/178.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:23.357Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/79" }, "id":79 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.4013985, 51.1457526 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-80", "id":80, "old_findID":"MAS-D100080", "objecttype":"PERFUME BOTTLE", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"Two clear glass perfume bottles. One has a square tapered body and measures 85 mm by 35 mm while the other measures 95 mm by 40 mm and has a round body complete with a round stopper and still contains yellow liquid. Perfume bottles were part of the vessel's cargo and many other bottles have been salvaged from the wreck by divers during recent years. Their form would be entirely consistent with a date around the turn of the 19th\/20th century.", "notes":"These items were found with five gin bottles (MAS-D100063) and three clay pipes (MAS-D100079).\n\nAll of these items were recovered from the wreck \u200bLoanda. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.\n\nNRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.", "classification":"CONTAINER", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"185\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-07-12T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"COSMETIC CONTAINER", "smrRef":"901835", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-07-15T15:13:43Z", "updated":"2020-03-30T14:10:11Z", "secuid":"80", "width":40, "length":95, "quantity":2, "material":18, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "preservation":2, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3844", "fourFigureLat":51.1457526, "fourFigureLon":1.4013985, "what3words":"ramp.slouched.ambient", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Glass", "primaryMaterialBM":10879, "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Good", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"63_Flakon1.jpg", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/176.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:23.616Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/80" }, "id":80 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.34042371, 51.09353995 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-68", "id":68, "old_findID":"MAS-D100068", "objecttype":"WINE BOTTLE", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"Two green glass wine bottles that appear to have the flat band-like collar around the rim which is typical of Continental (particularly French) wine bottles; the type appeared around the middle of the 19th century. This particular shape was - and still is - referred to as a 'hock' or Rhine wine and was one of the three dominant styles of wine bottles that bridge the time from at least the mid-19th century to the present day. Hock wine bottles are of German or French origin and during the 19th century, typically contained both red and white Rhine and Mosel wines. The distinctive shape of these bottles is typified by being tall and slender with no sharp break where the body merges into the shoulder and the shoulder becomes the neck. They were typically free-blown or dip moulded, often exhibiting pontil scars where the glass was broken away from the rod. Hock wine bottles from the 19th and early 20th centuries are most often seen in shades of olive green or amber, but were produced commonly in a wide array of other colours (Society for Historical Archaeology webpage, accessed Sept 2017).", "notes":"These items were found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066),three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and an egg cup (MAS-D100078). \n\nAll of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives.\n\nNRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.\n\nThe location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.", "classification":"Container", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"173\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-07-24T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Bottle", "smrRef":"813607", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-07-24T21:26:17Z", "updated":"2017-10-05T11:47:13Z", "secuid":"68", "quantity":2, "material":18, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "manufacture":14, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3438", "fourFigureLat":51.09353995, "fourFigureLon":1.34042371, "what3words":"fatigue.paddles.woodland", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Glass", "primaryMaterialBM":10879, "manufactureTerm":"Blown", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"IMG_1938.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/1.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:20.483Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/68" }, "id":68 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.34042371, 51.09353995 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-65", "id":65, "old_findID":"MAS-D100065", "objecttype":"BOTTLE", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"Six stoneware seltzer bottles, of a type used to carry mineral water from various Continental (mainly German) spas. The term 'seltzer' takes its name from the town of Selters in the lower Rhineland, one of the original producers of effervescent mineral waters. This cylindrical bottle type was used from the early 19th century through to the First World War. These types of bottles were produced by the specialist potters known as Krugbacker, or pot bakers, in the Westerwald region of Germany. These bottles, which changed little throughout the 19th century, were slender and cylindrical and colored reddish brown with straight, vertical sides. Bottles were stamped with marks indicating the bottling company, the jug baker's mark, the well number from which they were filled, and the town from which they were shipped (NMSC Archaeology & Museum Blog webpage, accessed September 2017).", "notes":"These items were found with four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and one egg cup (MAS-D100078).\n\nAll of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives.\n\nNRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.\n\nThe location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.", "classification":"Container", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"173\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-07-24T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Food and liquid storage container", "smrRef":"813607", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-07-24T21:26:17Z", "updated":"2017-10-05T11:46:02Z", "secuid":"65", "quantity":6, "material":5, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "preservation":1, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3438", "fourFigureLat":51.09353995, "fourFigureLon":1.34042371, "what3words":"fatigue.paddles.woodland", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Fair", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"IMG_1938.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/181.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:19.788Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/65" }, "id":65 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.34042371, 51.09353995 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-66", "id":66, "old_findID":"MAS-D100066", "objecttype":"BOTTLE", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"Four stoneware bottles (three large and one smaller) that were probably used for beer, ale, stout or porter. Stoneware bottles provided the ultimate in protection from the detrimental effects of light but were very heavy. They were produced in Britain in the 1800s and many bottles found in the United States were even imported from here. All of these bottles have a feldspathic glaze over an ochre dip on the upper parts of the bottle giving them a darker colour on top. Feldspars (natural rocks of aluminosilicates) are used in stoneware and porcelain glazes because they fuse only at high temperatures. The feldspathic glaze dates the bottles to the 1830s or later while stoneware bottles were more or less superseded by glass by the first decade of the 20th century.", "notes":"These items were found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and an egg cup (MAS-D100078). \n\nAll of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives.\n\nNRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.\n\nThe location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.", "classification":"Container", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"173\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-07-24T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Food and liquid storage container", "smrRef":"813607", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-07-24T21:26:17Z", "updated":"2017-10-05T11:46:18Z", "secuid":"66", "quantity":4, "material":5, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "preservation":2, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3438", "fourFigureLat":51.09353995, "fourFigureLon":1.34042371, "what3words":"fatigue.paddles.woodland", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Good", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"IMG_1938.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/182.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:20.015Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/66" }, "id":66 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.34042371, 51.09353995 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-74", "id":74, "old_findID":"MAS-D100074", "objecttype":"INK BOTTLE", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"A collection of four ink bottles; one large and three small. The larger stoneware ink bottle displays a pourer on the rim and is glazed with a feldspathic glaze. This type of ink bottle was introduced in the 1860s and were superseded by glass bottles by the first decade of the 20th century. Cylindrical stoneware ink bottles were made in England in large quantities throughout the Victorian era. The bottles varied widely in size and were not all brown. The larger or master bottles with a pouring lip brown bottles were commonly used for ink. The pouring spout would be used to distribute the ink in to smaller wells (Hume 2001). Of the three smaller stoneware ink bottles, two are glazed with a feldspathic glaze. This type of ink bottle was introduced in the mid-19th century and were superseded by glass bottles by the first decade of the 20th century. Small ink bottles or wells were usually no more than four inches high and did not have a pouring spout like the master bottles as they were intended to be dipped into (Hume 2001). These ink bottles came in two main varieties; very squat cinders or wide-based cones.", "notes":"These items were found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and one egg cup (MAS-D100078).\n\nAll of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives.\n\nNRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.\n\nThe location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.", "classification":"Written communications", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"173\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-07-24T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Writing and drawing equipment", "smrRef":"813607", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-07-24T21:26:17Z", "updated":"2017-11-21T14:09:49Z", "secuid":"74", "quantity":4, "material":5, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3438", "fourFigureLat":51.09353995, "fourFigureLon":1.34042371, "what3words":"fatigue.paddles.woodland", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "completenessTerm":"Complete", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"IMG_1938.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/233.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:22.146Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/74" }, "id":74 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.34042371, 51.09353995 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-78", "id":78, "old_findID":"MAS-D100078", "objecttype":"EGG CUP", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"One egg cup made of a refined whiteware.The term 'whiteware' is used in historical archaeology to denote refined ceramics with a whiter and denser body than pearlware that generally postdates c.1830. Whiteware is a class of ceramic products that include porcelain and china. They are usually, but not necessarily white and consist typically of clays, feldspar, potter's flint, and whiting (calcium carbonate). It is not until the Victorian era that eggcups were mass marketed and regularly offered with dinnerware services. Companies, like Wedgwood and Haviland, produced eggcups and decorated them in the styles of their bestselling china patterns although the example recorded here appears to be undecorated. It is thought that this example may date to the 19th or 20th century.", "notes":"This item was found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074) and six bowls (MAS-D100076). \n\nAll of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives.\n\nNRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.\n\nThe location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.", "classification":"FOOD PREPARATION AND CONSUMPTION (Class)", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"173\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-07-24T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"FOOD SERVING CONTAINER", "smrRef":"813607", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-07-24T21:26:17Z", "updated":"2019-01-29T13:12:50Z", "secuid":"78", "quantity":1, "material":5, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3438", "fourFigureLat":51.09353995, "fourFigureLon":1.34042371, "what3words":"fatigue.paddles.woodland", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "completenessTerm":"Complete", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"IMG_1938.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/235.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:23.095Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/78" }, "id":78 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.34042371, 51.09353995 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-76", "id":76, "old_findID":"MAS-D100076", "objecttype":"ROUNDED BOWL", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"Six small convex bowls that may have also functioned as cups or tea bowls. All the bowls are made of a refined whiteware and three of them display a hand painted decoration.The term 'whiteware' is used in historical archaeology to denote refined ceramics with a whiter and denser body than pearlware that generally postdates c.1830. Whiteware is a class of ceramic products that include porcelain and china. They are usually, but not necessarily, white and consist typically of clays, feldspar, potter's flint, and whiting (calcium carbonate). It is thought that these examples may be tea wares dating to the 19th or 20th century.", "notes":"These items were found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074) and one egg cup (MAS-D100078). \n\nAll of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives.\n\nNRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.\n\nThe location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.", "classification":"Container", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"173\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-07-24T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Bowl", "smrRef":"813607", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-07-24T21:26:17Z", "updated":"2017-10-05T16:13:21Z", "secuid":"76", "quantity":6, "material":5, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3438", "fourFigureLat":51.09353995, "fourFigureLon":1.34042371, "what3words":"fatigue.paddles.woodland", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "completenessTerm":"Complete", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"IMG_1938.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/234.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:22.608Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/76" }, "id":76 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.35272976, 51.0662013 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-100", "id":100, "old_findID":"MAS-D100100", "objecttype":"BOTTLE", "broadperiod":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "description":"A collection of five bottles comprising two full-size glass bottles, one squat cylindrical glass bottle, one small clear bottle, and one stoneware bottle. All the bottles are believed to be of nineteenth and twentieth century type, although it is difficult to date all but the stoneware bottle. The two full-size glass bottles are thought to be either wine or beer bottles. If the bottles have kicked bases, it would indicate a wine bottle, while a flat base would indicate a beer bottle. The squat cylindrical glass bottle was thought to be a port bottle, however if the base is flat, this could also be another example of a beer bottle. The small clear bottle with a long narrow neck is thought to have been used for foodstuffs, possibly a condiment of some sort. \u200bThe ginger beer stoneware bottle is covered with a feldpathic glaze and stamped with 'A Phillips Victoria VI'. This bottle relates to Alexander Phillips of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, whose business ran from 1858. In 1879, his son became a partner in the business after which time the bottles are stamped 'A Phillips & Son' (B.C. & Vancouver Island - Bottles, Antiques & Collectables, accessed November 2017). This stoneware ginger beer bottle was produced in Britain by the Doulton Lambeth Company. 'VI' stands for the crown colony of Vancouver Island. After the colonies were combined in 1866, most companies would switch to using BC or British Columbia. However, the bottles depicting 'VI' would still be used, as special orders for bottles like these could take months, if not more than a year, to reach the new colony, meaning that existing bottles were often recycled (Royal B.C. Museum Learning Portal, accessed November 2017).", "notes":"These items were found with four stoneware ginger beer bottles (MAS-D100082).", "classification":"CONTAINER", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"201\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"FOOD AND LIQUID STORAGE CONTAINER", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-08-11T10:38:35Z", "updated":"2018-05-22T15:47:59Z", "secuid":"100", "diameter":76, "quantity":5, "material":18, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "preservation":1, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5989C577001EA7", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3535", "fourFigureLat":51.0662013, "fourFigureLon":1.35272976, "what3words":"recharges.vehicles.unmarked", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Glass", "primaryMaterialBM":10879, "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Fair", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"IMG_2178.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/201.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"LR", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:28.996Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/100" }, "id":100 } ] }