{ "meta":{ "currentPage":1, "totalResults":10, "resultsPerPage":10 }, "type":"FeatureCollection", "features":[ { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.34042371, 51.09353995 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-231", "id":231, "old_findID":"MAS-D100231", "objecttype":"BOTTLE", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"Brown ceramic bottle with a glazed surface. It was intended to contain gin of Dutch origin. The bottle measures 310 mm long and has a diameter of 85 mm with a ring type handle on the neck of the bottle. The bottle is printed with the phrase 'WYNAND FOCKINK' 'AMSTERDAM'. In Amsterdam, Wynand Focknik has been making distinctive hand-crafted liqueurs and jenevers (Dutch gin) since 1679 (Greenberg 2012). In the 17th century, when the Dutch East Indiaman ships brought herbs, spices and sugar to Amsterdam, distillers started distilling liqueurs on a large scale. The city had become very prosperous and liqueur, contrary to beer and genever, was an expensive drink which only the rich could afford to drink on a regular basis. When in 1724 Wynand Fockink acquired the distillery and the bar in the Pijlsteeg dating back to 1679, Amsterdam was still a rich and prosperous city with a thriving liqueur industry. Under Wynand Fockink and his descendants, the liqueur distillery became one of the largest Dutch distilleries. By the end of the 18th century the company owned six large premises on the Oudezijds Voorburgwal and another six in the Pijlsteeg. In the first decade of the 19th century the company expanded through export as well which could explain why these bottles were found on a vessel bound for Bombay. By the 19th century, Wynand Fockink owned trading houses in Berlin, Vienna, Brussels and Paris and between 1815 and 1860, France was one of the largest liqueur customers. The Wynand Fockink distillery in Amsterdam is still open today (http:\/\/wynand-fockink.nl\/tasting-tavern\/history).", "notes":"This item was found with four ceramic bowls (MAS-D100229), three glass bottles (MAS-D100230) and four stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100232).\n\nAll of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde.", "inscription":"\u00b4WYNAND FOCKINK\u00b4\u00b4AMSTERDAM\u00b4", "classification":"Container", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":39, "fromsubperiod":2, "tosubperiod":3, "TID":"291\/18", "note":1, "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2018-09-17T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Storage container. Food and liquid storage container", "smrRef":"813607", "otherRef":"Kent HER: TR 33 NW 23", "created":"2018-10-02T08:20:09Z", "updated":"2020-04-08T08:26:12Z", "height":310, "secuid":"231", "diameter":85, "quantity":1, "material":5, "completeness":4, "decstyle":3, "manufacture":8, "surface":"16", "discovery":13, "recorderID":"PAS5C50379B001E6C", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3438", "fourFigureLat":51.09353995, "fourFigureLon":1.34042371, "what3words":"fatigue.paddles.woodland", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "decstyleTerm":"Other", "manufactureTerm":"Hand made", "treatment":"Stamped", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "subperiodFrom":"Middle", "subperiodTo":"Late", "periodToName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Unknown", "filename":"229_largestonebottle_1.jpg", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/596.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"Robbie Trevelyan", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:17:09.491Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/231" }, "id":231 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.35272976, 51.0662013 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-207", "id":207, "old_findID":"MAS-D100207", "objecttype":"BOTTLE", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"Long necked glass bottle in clear or aqua marine glass. Overall height of 210 mm from base to finish, the height of body from base to shoulder being 120 mm. The finish being of the applied style, bearing a ring of glass approximately 15 mm wide over a further ring extending a further 5-10 mm down the neck. The base of the vessels exhibits a slightly concave punt <10 mm deep. In profile the body appears to be of a flattened hexagon shape, approximately 70 mm wide. the largest pane of the hexagonal shape being 45 mm across. The contraction from body to neck is severe, narrowing to 30 mm in only 10 mm of height, the contraction being convex in shape. The exterior of the neck is 30 mm wide at its base, tapering to 20 mm where it meets the finish. the finish being approximately 25 - 30 mm across. The body bears the inscription of C & B embosed near the base of the largest pane of the hexagon. The intended use of the vessel is unclear, being of a fairly unique design, and may relate to medicinal products or possibly the bottling of gin. No exact details of the company or product to which the logo C & B relates can be ascertained at this time. As it was found with mid to late 19th century finds, it implies a probable date of this period. The verall condition is good as the vessel is complete, though there is soe evidence of encrustation along one side of the body.", "notes":"This item was found with a tobacco pipe (MAS-D100205) and four stonewear bottles (MAS-D100206). These items were recovered from an undesignated wreck known locally as the Mindoro, though no records are available online relating to such a wreck.", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"240\/18", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2018-08-28T00:00:00Z", "smrRef":"N\/A", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2018-08-29T08:50:59Z", "updated":"2020-03-26T12:54:29Z", "height":210, "secuid":"207", "width":70, "quantity":1, "material":18, "completeness":4, "preservation":2, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5C5037EF001C03", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3535", "fourFigureLat":51.0662013, "fourFigureLon":1.35272976, "what3words":"recharges.vehicles.unmarked", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Glass", "primaryMaterialBM":10879, "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Good", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "filename":"207_IMG01.jpg", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/536.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"PT", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:17:03.199Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/207" }, "id":207 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.35272976, 51.0662013 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-205", "id":205, "old_findID":"MAS-D100205", "objecttype":"TOBACCO PIPE", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"Complete example of a clay tobacco pipe of the bent billiard style, probably dating to the 19th century. Overall length of 80 mm, with the stem being 50 mm in length. The \"short stem\" is circular in profile at the heel, changing to a hexaganol profile 20 mm from the mouth piece, which bears beading around the aperture. The left hand side of the stem, from the users perspective, bears a cartouche comprising an embossed diamond lozenge in turn enclosing an incised inscription of SQUATTERS OWN. The opposite side of the stem bears an identical lozenge enclosing the incised word SYDNEY. The bowl is approximately 35 mm in height, from base to mouth, with the mouth having an exterior width of 25 mm on the long axis. the shape of the bowl is slightly rounded on the outside, with no evidence of flatenning of the heel. The clay fabric is of an off white or ivory colour with a smooth satin like finish. The inscription \"Squatters Own\" refers to a series of pipes manufactured solely for the Australian market in England, sometimes also referred to as \"Squatters Own Budgaree\" or \"Squatters Bungaree\" (Budgaree\/Bungaree is derived from Aboriginal languages, meaning good). Though uncertain, these pipes were probably manufactured in Rainford at the Hill Top Pipe Works, run by David Swallow, though other manufacturers in Scotland and elsewhere in England may have subsequently copied this style (Gojack and Stuart 1999). Examples of these pipes have not been found outside Australia and New Zealand other than at the Rainford works and one unusual example of two fragments recovered in New Jersey (Springate 2010). Examples of these pipes often exhibit narrow bowls with intricate designs, known as effigy pipes, this example has a fuller and larger bowl without an effigy however.", "notes":"This item was found with four stonewear bottles (MAS-D100206), and a glass bottle (MAS-D100207). These items were recovered from an undesignated wreck known locally as the Mindoro, though no records are available online relating to such a wreck.", "inscription":"Squatters Own\/Sydney", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":41, "treasure":1, "TID":"240\/18", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2018-08-28T00:00:00Z", "smrRef":"N\/A", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2018-08-29T08:50:03Z", "updated":"2020-03-26T14:50:03Z", "secuid":"205", "length":80, "quantity":1, "material":5, "completeness":4, "manufacture":9, "preservation":2, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5C5037EF001C03", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3535", "fourFigureLat":51.0662013, "fourFigureLon":1.35272976, "what3words":"recharges.vehicles.unmarked", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "manufactureTerm":"Moulded", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Good", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"MODERN", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "filename":"205_IMG_01.jpg", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/532.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"PT", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:17:02.675Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/205" }, "id":205 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.4013985, 51.1457526 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-197", "id":197, "old_findID":"MAS-D100197", "objecttype":"BOTTLE", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"Six glass gin bottles. 'Case gin' or 'taper gin' bottles have a square cross section that means that packing became more effective than with round bottles. The bodies taper wider towards a sharp shoulder, short neck and a champagne finish. The bottles are olive green in colour, and are in a fair condition despite encrusting towards the neck. This shape and style of bottle originated in and was commonly made in Europe at least as early as the mid-17th century. These examples do not exhibit the bevelled corners generally seen on bottles of the 1860s or later and may therefore be earlier 19th century (https:\/\/sha.org\/bottle\/liquor.htm#CaseGinbottles accessed January 2019).", "notes":"All of these items were recovered from the wreck \u200bLoanda. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.\n\nThis item was found with 16 clay pipes (MAS-D100196) and fragments of a porcelain cup (MAS-D100198).", "classification":"Container", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":39, "treasure":1, "TID":"136\/18", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2018-06-24T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Food and liquid storage container", "smrRef":"901835", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2018-07-04T07:59:41Z", "updated":"2020-03-26T13:02:52Z", "secuid":"197", "quantity":6, "material":18, "completeness":4, "preservation":1, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS5C5037EF001C03", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3844", "fourFigureLat":51.1457526, "fourFigureLon":1.4013985, "what3words":"ramp.slouched.ambient", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Glass", "primaryMaterialBM":10879, "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Fair", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "filename":"196_IMG_6647.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/501.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"PT", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:16:59.946Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/197" }, "id":197 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.10748152, 51.0280097 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-53", "id":53, "old_findID":"MAS-O100053", "objecttype":"BOTTLE", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"One gin bottle measuring 11 inches high by 3 1\/2 inches wide. This square, mould-blown 'case bottle', has the typical tapering profile. The square shape enabled the bottles to be packed more efficiently in a case than round bottles, and the tapering profile stops them from sticking when removed from the case. They were used for gin (although undoubtedly also sometimes for other spirits or wine). Square case bottles were made in Europe from the middle of the 17th century, but the tapering form seems to have become more common in the 19th century. From the 1880s the bottles were machine made, and the rims properly finished - this examples therefore probably date to the 19th century, but pre-dating the 1880s.", "notes":"This item was found along with three candlesticks (MAS-D100039 and MAS-D100041). All of these items were recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis, a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten First class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis.", "classification":"Container", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":39, "fromdate":1800, "todate":1856, "treasure":1, "TID":"092\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-05-28T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"DRINK SERVING CONTAINER", "smrRef":"1025695", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-05-29T08:46:26Z", "updated":"2018-03-19T20:02:58Z", "secuid":"53", "quantity":1, "material":18, "subsequentAction":"28", "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS57C96ECD001E82", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR1830", "fourFigureLat":51.0280097, "fourFigureLon":1.10748152, "what3words":"immature.twang.uncouth", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Glass", "primaryMaterialBM":10879, "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"41_f3yhwrzgu1vk.jpg", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/185.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"ABB", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:16.447Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/53" }, "id":53 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.18236287, 51.07996308 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-38", "id":38, "old_findID":"MAS-D100038", "objecttype":"BOTTLE", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"Four glass bottles that are all square, mould-blown 'case bottles', with a typical tapering profile. The square shape enabled them to be packed more efficiently in a case than round bottles, and the tapering profile stopped them from sticking when removed from the case. These were used for gin (although undoubtedly also sometimes for other spirits or wine). Square case bottles were made in Europe from the middle of the 17th century, but the tapering form seems to have become more common in the 19th century. From the 1880s the bottles were machine made, and the rims properly finished - these examples therefore probably date to the 19th century, but pre-dating the 1880s.", "notes":"This item was found along with an ivy leaf teacup (MAS-D100051).", "classification":"FOOD AND DRINK SERVING CONTAINER", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":39, "treasure":1, "TID":"090\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-05-21T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"WINE BOTTLE", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-05-21T14:02:28Z", "updated":"2017-09-26T13:13:09Z", "secuid":"38", "quantity":4, "material":18, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "preservation":1, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS57C96ECD001E82", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR2336", "fourFigureLat":51.07996308, "fourFigureLon":1.18236287, "what3words":"petty.jetting.hazy", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Glass", "primaryMaterialBM":10879, "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Fair", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"38_az9rlbhpze9s.jpg", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/131.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"ABB", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:12.611Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/38" }, "id":38 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.18236287, 51.07996308 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-51", "id":51, "old_findID":"MAS-D100051", "objecttype":"DRINKING VESSEL", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"One ivy leaf patterned teacup marked with the Davenport logo. This transfer printed refined ware (either pearlware or whiteware) cup dates to the 19th century. John Davenport acquired his own pottery in 1794, initially producing cream coloured blue-printed earthernware. Within 12 years the company's reputation and the quality of its porcelain was such that the future King George IV was ordering services from the company. John Davenport retired in 1830 and the company was continued to be run by his sons and their children until 1887 when the factory closed and the company was acquired by Burleigh Pottery.", "notes":"This item was found along with four square glass bottles (MAS-D100038).", "classification":"Container", "periodFrom":39, "periodTo":39, "treasure":1, "TID":"090\/17", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2017-05-21T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"CUP", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2017-05-21T14:02:28Z", "updated":"2017-09-26T13:22:32Z", "secuid":"51", "quantity":1, "material":19, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS57C96ECD001E82", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR2336", "fourFigureLat":51.07996308, "fourFigureLon":1.18236287, "what3words":"petty.jetting.hazy", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Earthenware", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "periodFromName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "periodToName":"NINETEENTH CENTURY", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"38_8a0k1tqgoyrk.jpg", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/133.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"ABB", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:15.964Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/51" }, "id":51 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.13915054, 51.49488983 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-20", "id":20, "old_findID":"MAS-100020", "objecttype":"JAR", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"Pottery sherd: a rim sherd from a Post Medieval glazed redware flanged bowl with a horizontal looped side handle. The sherd dates to the 17th\/18th century. The manufacture and origin of the sherd is unknown due to the mass production of this type of kitchenware.", "classification":"Container", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":36, "fromdate":1600, "todate":1800, "treasure":1, "TID":"390\/16", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-10-31T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Food and liquid storage container", "currentLocation":"Wessex Archaeology, Salisbury", "created":"2016-12-13T09:55:35Z", "updated":"2017-04-03T11:14:33Z", "secuid":"20", "quantity":1, "material":5, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":1, "preservation":5, "discovery":4, "recorderID":"PAS57C96ECD001E82", "identifierID":"PAS57BC21F300115B", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR1882", "fourFigureLat":51.49488983, "fourFigureLon":1.13915054, "what3words":"flipside.fearfulness.underpinned", "precision":10, "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "completenessTerm":"Fragment", "preservationTerm":"Encrusted", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodToBM":"x41047", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Other chance find", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"PC120161.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/74.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"ABB", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:15:07.95Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/20" }, "id":20 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.4013985, 51.1457526 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-3", "id":3, "old_findID":"MAS-1F5444", "objecttype":"BEAD", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"Twenty-six long drawn beads with a single cylindrical central perforation extending along the length of the bead. Varying in size, the beads measure approximately 25 mm in length and 8 mm in diameter, and some signs of wear are visible. The beads all have an opaque white core, cased in opaque red, cased in opaque white and finally cased in translucent blue on the exterior. The inner layers form a star pattern. The diameter cross-section is roughly cylindrical in the centre, whilst at the upper and lower ends the cross-section changes to become faceted in an octagonal shape, allowing the layers to be seen from the side. These polychrome beads are of a type known as 'chevron' or 'rosetta' beads, which for several hundred years have been a speciality of the Venetian glassmakers. First appearing in the late 15th century, they were made from a short section of drawn-out hollow cane in a translucent greenish glass, coated with six further layers of white, translucent greenish, red and blue glass, and given a star-like cross-section by pressing in a 12-pointed corrugated mould; the canes were then cut into short lengths and the ends ground to expose the inner layers. Later beads may have fewer layers; they are still being made in Venice today, albeit in very small quantities. These beads can reach up to 90 mm in length and 60 mm in diameter, however the more common size is 20-30 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter. In the UK, chevron beads usually belong to 16th or 17th century contexts, but they were also made in quantity for export to West Africa and the Americas, and the peak of production came during the 19th and early 20th centuries. These later beads were usually of four and six layers, in red, blue and white. Chevron beads are still highly valued in present-day West Africa, where they continue to be worn for prestige and ceremonial purposes, and are occasionally buried with the dead.", "notes":"These beads were recovered from the wreck of \u200bLoanda\u200b, along with three clay pipes recorded as MAS-100004. \u200bBuilt in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.", "classification":"Dress and personal accessories", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":41, "fromdate":1500, "todate":1908, "treasure":1, "TID":"196\/16", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-07-12T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Jewellery", "smrRef":"901835", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-08-03T14:44:36Z", "updated":"2016-09-30T11:57:40Z", "secuid":"PAS57A1F5440013D6", "diameter":8, "length":25, "quantity":26, "material":18, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "decstyle":3, "manufacture":17, "preservation":1, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57BC1E1600176F", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3844", "fourFigureLat":51.1457526, "fourFigureLon":1.4013985, "what3words":"ramp.slouched.ambient", "precision":10, "findspotcode":"MAS-1FC389", "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Glass", "primaryMaterialBM":10879, "decstyleTerm":"Other", "manufactureTerm":"Drawn", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Fair", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"MODERN", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"P1050090.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/2.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:04:48.598Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/3" }, "id":3 }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[ 1.4013985, 51.1457526 ] }, "properties":{ "findIdentifier":"finds-4", "id":4, "old_findID":"MAS-100004", "objecttype":"CLAY PIPE (SMOKING)", "broadperiod":"POST MEDIEVAL", "description":"All three white pipes here are complete, and are of the short or 'cutty' form. Two carry relief moulded decoration featuring Masonic emblems (incorporating the crossed compass and square), while the third is in the form of a male head, wearing a thin-brimmed cap, possibly a military figure. Pipes with Masonic emblems were made from the mid-18th century in the UK, but remained popular into the early 20th century, while the male head falls into a group of more elaborate decorative pipes with bowls moulded in the form of human heads and animals, common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Such decorative pipes would have been commonly exported. Tobacco was grown in West Africa from the 17th century; the inhabitants made their own pipes, the manufacture evolving from that of pottery vessels, but they also imported some through the Atlantic trade (Knight 2010, 67). The inclusion here of the Masonic pipes is of interest; their use was not necessarily confined to Freemasons, but it is likely that they would have been of greater significance to smokers for whom the symbols they bore had meaning (White and Beaudry 2009, 220).", "notes":"These clay pipes were recovered from the wreck \u200bLoanda, along with 26 beads recorded as MAS-1F5444. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.", "classification":"Dress and personal accessories", "periodFrom":36, "periodTo":41, "fromdate":1750, "todate":1908, "treasure":1, "TID":"196\/16", "workflow":3, "institution":"MAS", "datefound1":"2016-07-12T00:00:00Z", "subClassification":"Personal accessory", "smrRef":"901835", "otherRef":"Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112", "currentLocation":"With finder", "created":"2016-07-28T14:12:59Z", "updated":"2019-01-29T13:01:43Z", "secuid":"4", "thickness":40, "length":125, "quantity":3, "material":5, "subsequentAction":"28", "completeness":4, "decstyle":3, "manufacture":9, "preservation":1, "discovery":15, "recorderID":"PAS57BC1B67001A23", "identifierID":"PAS57BC1E1600176F", "createdBy":2, "countyID":18210, "county":"Kent", "fourFigure":"TR3844", "fourFigureLat":51.1457526, "fourFigureLon":1.4013985, "what3words":"ramp.slouched.ambient", "precision":10, "findspotcode":"MAS-A50DBF", "creator":"MAS MAS", "updatedBy":"MAS", "materialTerm":"Ceramic", "primaryMaterialBM":10539, "decstyleTerm":"Other", "manufactureTerm":"Moulded", "completenessTerm":"Complete", "preservationTerm":"Fair", "periodFromName":"POST MEDIEVAL", "periodFromBM":"x41047", "periodToName":"MODERN", "broadperiodBM":"x41047", "discoveryMethod":"Diving", "subsequentActionTerm":"Submitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck", "filename":"P1050093.JPG", "thumbnail":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/images\/thumbnails\/3.jpg", "imagedir":"images\/MAS", "recorder":"MF", "timestamp":"2024-10-09T14:14:02.986Z", "url":"https:\/\/marinefinds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/4" }, "id":4 } ] }