2026-09-10T20:56:30+01:00https://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/jsonhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/xmlhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/rsshttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/atomhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/kmlhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/geojsonhttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/qrcodehttps://marinefinds.org.uk/database/search/results52120finds-33MAS-1F5444BEADPOST MEDIEVALTwenty-six long drawn beads with a single cylindrical central perforation extending along the length of the bead. Varying in size, the beads measure approximately 25 mm in length and 8 mm in diameter, and some signs of wear are visible. The beads all have an opaque white core, cased in opaque red, cased in opaque white and finally cased in translucent blue on the exterior. The inner layers form a star pattern. The diameter cross-section is roughly cylindrical in the centre, whilst at the upper and lower ends the cross-section changes to become faceted in an octagonal shape, allowing the layers to be seen from the side. These polychrome beads are of a type known as 'chevron' or 'rosetta' beads, which for several hundred years have been a speciality of the Venetian glassmakers. First appearing in the late 15th century, they were made from a short section of drawn-out hollow cane in a translucent greenish glass, coated with six further layers of white, translucent greenish, red and blue glass, and given a star-like cross-section by pressing in a 12-pointed corrugated mould; the canes were then cut into short lengths and the ends ground to expose the inner layers. Later beads may have fewer layers; they are still being made in Venice today, albeit in very small quantities. These beads can reach up to 90 mm in length and 60 mm in diameter, however the more common size is 20-30 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter. In the UK, chevron beads usually belong to 16th or 17th century contexts, but they were also made in quantity for export to West Africa and the Americas, and the peak of production came during the 19th and early 20th centuries. These later beads were usually of four and six layers, in red, blue and white. Chevron beads are still highly valued in present-day West Africa, where they continue to be worn for prestige and ceremonial purposes, and are occasionally buried with the dead.These beads were recovered from the wreck of ​Loanda​, along with three clay pipes recorded as MAS-100004. ​Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.Dress and personal accessories3641150019081196/163MAS2016-07-12T00:00:00ZJewellery901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112With finder2016-08-03T14:44:36Z2016-09-30T11:57:40ZPAS57A1F5440013D68252618284317115PAS57BC1B67001A23PAS57BC1E1600176F218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS-1FC389MAS MASMASGlass10879OtherDrawnCompleteFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047MODERNx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckP1050090.JPG2images/MASMF2024-10-09T14:04:48.598Zfinds-44MAS-100004CLAY PIPE (SMOKING)POST MEDIEVALAll three white pipes here are complete, and are of the short or 'cutty' form. Two carry relief moulded decoration featuring Masonic emblems (incorporating the crossed compass and square), while the third is in the form of a male head, wearing a thin-brimmed cap, possibly a military figure. Pipes with Masonic emblems were made from the mid-18th century in the UK, but remained popular into the early 20th century, while the male head falls into a group of more elaborate decorative pipes with bowls moulded in the form of human heads and animals, common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Such decorative pipes would have been commonly exported. Tobacco was grown in West Africa from the 17th century; the inhabitants made their own pipes, the manufacture evolving from that of pottery vessels, but they also imported some through the Atlantic trade (Knight 2010, 67). The inclusion here of the Masonic pipes is of interest; their use was not necessarily confined to Freemasons, but it is likely that they would have been of greater significance to smokers for whom the symbols they bore had meaning (White and Beaudry 2009, 220).These clay pipes were recovered from the wreck ​Loanda, along with 26 beads recorded as MAS-1F5444. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.Dress and personal accessories3641175019081196/163MAS2016-07-12T00:00:00ZPersonal accessory901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108; TR 45 NE 256; TR 34 SE 112With finder2016-07-28T14:12:59Z2019-01-29T13:01:43Z4401253528439115PAS57BC1B67001A23PAS57BC1E1600176F218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS-A50DBFMAS MASMASCeramic10539OtherMouldedCompleteFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047MODERNx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckP1050093.JPG3images/MASMF2024-10-09T14:14:02.986Zfinds-2020MAS-100020JARPOST MEDIEVALPottery sherd: a rim sherd from a Post Medieval glazed redware flanged bowl with a horizontal looped side handle. The sherd dates to the 17th/18th century. The manufacture and origin of the sherd is unknown due to the mass production of this type of kitchenware.Container3636160018001390/163MAS2016-10-31T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage containerWessex Archaeology, Salisbury2016-12-13T09:55:35Z2017-04-03T11:14:33Z201528154PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR188251.494889831.13915054flipside.fearfulness.underpinned10MAS MASMASCeramic10539FragmentEncrustedPOST MEDIEVALx41047POST MEDIEVALx41047x41047Other chance findSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckPC120161.JPG74images/MASABB2024-10-09T14:15:07.95Zfinds-3939MAS-D100039CANDLESTICKNINETEENTH CENTURYTwo mass produced glass candlesticks; one blue and one green that is badly damaged presumably having spent at least a century underwater. No further information is known about them at this time.Along with another candlestick (MAS-D100041), a gin bottle (MAS-D100053) and many ceramic objects, these two candlesticks have been recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis, a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten 1st class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis.HEATING AND LIGHTING393918561090/173MAS2017-05-22T00:00:00ZUPRIGHT CANDLESTICK1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-05-22T13:41:20Z2017-09-26T13:13:38Z39218284115PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR183051.02800971.10748152immature.twang.uncouth10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck39_ajt8i16gs0sg.jpg134images/MASABB2024-10-09T14:15:12.851Zfinds-4141MAS-O100041CANDLESTICKNINETEENTH CENTURYOne green glass candlestick measuring 5.5 inches high and 3.5 inches wide. This candlestick is thought to date to the 19th century.This item was found along with a gin bottle (MAS-D100053) and is similar to other candlesticks discovered (MAS-D100039). All of these items were recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis, a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten First class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis.HEATING AND LIGHTING39391856092/173MAS2017-05-28T00:00:00ZUPRIGHT CANDLESTICK1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-05-29T08:46:26Z2017-09-26T13:14:17Z41118284215PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR183051.02800971.10748152immature.twang.uncouth10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck41_f3yhwrzgu1vk.jpg140images/MASABB2024-10-09T14:15:13.358Zfinds-3838MAS-D100038BOTTLEPOST MEDIEVALFour glass bottles that are all square, mould-blown 'case bottles', with a typical tapering profile. The square shape enabled them to be packed more efficiently in a case than round bottles, and the tapering profile stopped them from sticking when removed from the case. These were used for gin (although undoubtedly also sometimes for other spirits or wine). Square case bottles were made in Europe from the middle of the 17th century, but the tapering form seems to have become more common in the 19th century. From the 1880s the bottles were machine made, and the rims properly finished - these examples therefore probably date to the 19th century, but pre-dating the 1880s.This item was found along with an ivy leaf teacup (MAS-D100051).FOOD AND DRINK SERVING CONTAINER36391090/173MAS2017-05-21T00:00:00ZWINE BOTTLEWith finder2017-05-21T14:02:28Z2017-09-26T13:13:09Z38418284115PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR233651.079963081.18236287petty.jetting.hazy10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteFairPOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck38_az9rlbhpze9s.jpg131images/MASABB2024-10-09T14:15:12.611Zfinds-4646MAS-D100046JARNINETEENTH CENTURYTwo stoneware jars with feldspathic glaze over yellow ochre dip on upper part of vessels. One carries the stamped mark of the manufacturer: 'Doulton & Watts' Lambeth Pottery'. The firm of Doulton and Watts was established in 1820 as Watts and Doulton, becoming Doulton and Watts by 1826 (Tyler et al. 2005, 12). This particular stamp was used until 1858, when John Watts died, after which the name Doulton appeared alone (Eyles and Irvine 2002, Appendix II), although the company name of Doulton and Watts was used in trade catalogues until at least 1873. Feldspathic glazes were introduced in the 1830s. The two jars are of similar form, although differing slightly in size. This particular jar form is known as an 'export jam jar' in the Doulton & Watts catalogue for 1873, made in sizes from ½ lb to 6 lb (Tyler et al. 2005, fig. 54). The narrow mouth would either have held a bung of some kind, or have been fitted with a patent airtight closure.This item was found along with seven bowls (MAS-D100047). All of these items were recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis, a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten First class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis. CONTAINER3939182018561118/173MAS2017-06-03T00:00:00ZFOOD AND LIQUID STORAGE CONTAINER1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-06-03T17:01:01Z2017-09-26T13:19:37Z467612725284215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR183051.02800971.10748152immature.twang.uncouth10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck46_terracotta2.jpg153images/MASLR2024-10-09T14:15:14.735Zfinds-4747MAS-D100047BOWLNINETEENTH CENTURYSeven Chinese style bowls most likely to be made of porcelain. There is a parallel for the base mark that looks as though it's imitating Chinese porcelain marks. This is the mark of Charles Meigh of Hanley, Staffordshire, operating between 1835-49, but it was also used by the preceding company, J. Meigh and Son (c.1805-34) and the succeeding company, Charles Meigh and Son (1851-61) (Godden 1964, 428-429). The CM mark in the '..CASTER' stamp suggests that it's Charles Meigh, which puts the date just before the wreck date.This item was found along with two stoneware jars (MAS-D100046) and were recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis. Other objects similar in style to the ceramic recorded here have also been recovered on different occasions from this wreck site (MAS-D100048, MAS-D100054, MAS-D100058, MAS-D100059) along with other non-ceramic objects including candlesticks, a deadeye and three square portholes. The Josephine Willis was a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten First class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis.CONTAINER3939180518561118/173MAS2017-06-03T00:00:00ZFOOD SERVING CONTAINER1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-06-03T17:39:00Z2017-09-26T13:20:13Z4712772752843215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR183051.02800971.10748152immature.twang.uncouth10MAS MASMASCeramic10539OtherCompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck47_terracottawithbowls.jpg156images/MASLR2024-10-09T14:15:14.981Zfinds-4848MAS-D100048CUPNINETEENTH CENTURYEleven teacups measuring 4 inches x 3 inches in size. The cups have a Chinese style design with a light grey colour pattern, and appear to be made of porcelain (although this has not been confirmed). Similar in decorative style to the bowls recorded as MAS-D100047, it is assumed that these teacups were made by either Charles Meigh of Hanley, Staffordshire (1835-49), the preceding company, J. Meigh and Son (c.1805-34), or the succeeding company, Charles Meigh and Son (1851-61) (Godden 1964, 428-429).These items were found along with four milk jugs of a similar style (MAS-D100054) and were recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis. Other items similar in style to the ceramic recorded here have also been recovered on different occasions from this wreck site (MAS-D100047, MAS-D100058 and MAS-D100059) along with other non-ceramic objects including candlesticks, a deadeye and three square portholes. The Josephine Willis was a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten First class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis.CONTAINER363918561121/173MAS2017-06-04T00:00:00ZROUNDED CUP1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-06-04T14:40:20Z2017-09-26T13:21:29Z48115284215PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR183051.02800971.10748152immature.twang.uncouth10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteGoodPOST MEDIEVALx41047NINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck48_6btxqbz9feyo.jpg158images/MASABB2024-10-09T14:15:15.226Zfinds-5353MAS-O100053BOTTLEPOST MEDIEVALOne gin bottle measuring 11 inches high by 3 1/2 inches wide. This square, mould-blown 'case bottle', has the typical tapering profile. The square shape enabled the bottles to be packed more efficiently in a case than round bottles, and the tapering profile stops them from sticking when removed from the case. They were used for gin (although undoubtedly also sometimes for other spirits or wine). Square case bottles were made in Europe from the middle of the 17th century, but the tapering form seems to have become more common in the 19th century. From the 1880s the bottles were machine made, and the rims properly finished - this examples therefore probably date to the 19th century, but pre-dating the 1880s.This item was found along with three candlesticks (MAS-D100039 and MAS-D100041). All of these items were recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis, a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten First class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis.Container3939180018561092/173MAS2017-05-28T00:00:00ZDRINK SERVING CONTAINER1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-05-29T08:46:26Z2018-03-19T20:02:58Z531182815PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR183051.02800971.10748152immature.twang.uncouth10MAS MASMASGlass10879NINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck41_f3yhwrzgu1vk.jpg185images/MASABB2024-10-09T14:15:16.447Zfinds-5151MAS-D100051DRINKING VESSELPOST MEDIEVALOne ivy leaf patterned teacup marked with the Davenport logo. This transfer printed refined ware (either pearlware or whiteware) cup dates to the 19th century. John Davenport acquired his own pottery in 1794, initially producing cream coloured blue-printed earthernware. Within 12 years the company's reputation and the quality of its porcelain was such that the future King George IV was ordering services from the company. John Davenport retired in 1830 and the company was continued to be run by his sons and their children until 1887 when the factory closed and the company was acquired by Burleigh Pottery.This item was found along with four square glass bottles (MAS-D100038).Container39391090/173MAS2017-05-21T00:00:00ZCUPWith finder2017-05-21T14:02:28Z2017-09-26T13:22:32Z5111928415PAS57C96ECD001E82PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR233651.079963081.18236287petty.jetting.hazy10MAS MASMASEarthenwareCompleteNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYx41047DivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck38_8a0k1tqgoyrk.jpg133images/MASABB2024-10-09T14:15:15.964Zfinds-5454MAS-D100054JUGNINETEENTH CENTURYFour milk jugs with a Chinese style design and a light grey coloured pattern and appear to be made of porcelain (although this has not been confirmed). Similar in decorative style to the bowls recorded as MAS-D100047, it is assumed that the these milk jugs were made by either Charles Meigh of Hanley, Staffordshire (1835-49), the preceding company, J. Meigh and Son (c.1805-34), or the succeeding company, Charles Meigh and Son (1851-61) (Godden 1964, 428-429).These items were found along with 11 teacups of a similar style (MAS-D100048) and were recovered from the wreck of Josephine Willis. Other items similar in style to the ceramic recorded here have also been recovered on different occasions from this wreck site (MAS-D100047, MAS-D100058 and MAS-D100059), along with other non-ceramic objects including candlesticks, a deadeye and three square portholes. The Josephine Willis was a New Zealand sail and steam propelled packet ship built in c.1840. The ship was carrying 110 people on board bound for Auckland, comprising ten First class passengers, 60 steerage and 40 crew. It sank in 1856 following a collision with Mangerton with the loss of 69 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Josephine Willis.FOOD AND DRINK SERVING CONTAINER3939180518561121/173MAS2017-06-04T00:00:00ZDRINK SERVING CONTAINER1025695Kent HER Number: TR 22 NE 45With finder2017-06-04T14:40:20Z2017-09-26T13:23:26Z54127178452843215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR183051.02800971.10748152immature.twang.uncouth10MAS MASMASCeramic10539OtherCompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck48_e5gqhq3pvke8.jpg159images/MASLR2024-10-09T14:15:16.702Zfinds-7171MAS-D100071BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYThree aqua coloured glass bottles with tooled lips; for foodstuffs or other household goods; probably dating to the 19th century. These bottles have a double ring also known as a double collar, double bead, double lip, Davis-type, stacked ring, bead lip with a ring, round band lower flared, broad round collar with lower bevel, inverted double ring, citrate of magnesia finish, double roll collar and stacked ring. This two-part finish is composed of two connected 'rings' - usually with a thicker and slightly wider variably rounded ring at the top of the finish with a thinner and narrower variably rounded to flat ring below. Other variations can have either or both rings somewhat or totally flattened on outside, which is similar to the three bottles recorded here. This popular finish was used on many different bottle types but was most common on a wide array of medicines, many varieties of liquor flasks and various sauces. Between about 1840 and the 1920s, and particularly between 1850 and 1910, this style of finish was one of the most popular and functional finishes used. It can be found on both mouth-blown and machine-made bottles. The lips or double ring on the bottle seem to be a tooled lip which means the lip was formed in the mould itself rather than applied to the bottle separately. The popularity of this finish was probably a combination of corking strength and relative ease of manufacturing (Society for Historical Archaeology webpage, accessed September 2017).These items were found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and one egg cup (MAS-D100078). All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde. The location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.Container39391173/173MAS2017-07-24T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage container813607Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23With finder2017-07-24T21:26:17Z2017-10-05T11:45:41Z71318284915PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASGlass10879MouldedCompleteNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_1938.JPG10images/MASLR2024-10-09T14:15:21.229Zfinds-6363MAS-D100063BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYFive olive green case gin bottles with a square tapered body and four dots on base. Some of the earliest spirit bottles were square in cross section and generally designed to contain gin, though undoubtedly contained various types of alcohol and possibly wine. Commonly called "case gin" or "taper gin" bottles since they would pack more efficiently to a case (six to 24 bottles) than round bottles. Case gin bottles are square with a more or less distinct taper inwards from the shoulder to the base. The neck is very short to almost non-existent with the finishes varying from a laid-on ring, flared, mineral finish, oil, and even a blob. This shape and style of bottle originated, and was commonly made, in Europe at least as early as the mid-17th century (https://sha.org/bottle/liquor.htm#CaseGinbottles accessed October 2017). These examples do not exhibit the bevelled corners generally seen on bottles of the 1860s or later and may therefore be earlier 19th century.These items were found with two clay pipes​ (MAS-D100079) and two perfume bottles (MAS-D100080). All of these items were recovered from the wreck ​Loanda. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.CONTAINER39391185/173MAS2017-07-12T00:00:00ZFOOD AND LIQUID STORAGE CONTAINER901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108With finder2017-07-15T15:13:43Z2020-03-30T14:10:00Z6370250518284215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck63_Bottle1.jpg174images/MASLR2024-10-09T14:15:19.152Zfinds-6868MAS-D100068WINE BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYTwo green glass wine bottles that appear to have the flat band-like collar around the rim which is typical of Continental (particularly French) wine bottles; the type appeared around the middle of the 19th century. This particular shape was - and still is - referred to as a 'hock' or Rhine wine and was one of the three dominant styles of wine bottles that bridge the time from at least the mid-19th century to the present day. Hock wine bottles are of German or French origin and during the 19th century, typically contained both red and white Rhine and Mosel wines. The distinctive shape of these bottles is typified by being tall and slender with no sharp break where the body merges into the shoulder and the shoulder becomes the neck. They were typically free-blown or dip moulded, often exhibiting pontil scars where the glass was broken away from the rod. Hock wine bottles from the 19th and early 20th centuries are most often seen in shades of olive green or amber, but were produced commonly in a wide array of other colours (Society for Historical Archaeology webpage, accessed Sept 2017).These items were found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066),three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and an egg cup (MAS-D100078). All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde. The location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.Container39411173/173MAS2017-07-24T00:00:00ZBottle813607Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23With finder2017-07-24T21:26:17Z2017-10-05T11:47:13Z682182841415PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASGlass10879BlownCompleteNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_1938.JPG1images/MASLR2024-10-09T14:15:20.483Zfinds-6565MAS-D100065BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYSix stoneware seltzer bottles, of a type used to carry mineral water from various Continental (mainly German) spas. The term 'seltzer' takes its name from the town of Selters in the lower Rhineland, one of the original producers of effervescent mineral waters. This cylindrical bottle type was used from the early 19th century through to the First World War. These types of bottles were produced by the specialist potters known as Krugbacker, or pot bakers, in the Westerwald region of Germany. These bottles, which changed little throughout the 19th century, were slender and cylindrical and colored reddish brown with straight, vertical sides. Bottles were stamped with marks indicating the bottling company, the jug baker's mark, the well number from which they were filled, and the town from which they were shipped (NMSC Archaeology & Museum Blog webpage, accessed September 2017).These items were found with four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and one egg cup (MAS-D100078). All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde. The location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.Container39411173/173MAS2017-07-24T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage container813607Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23With finder2017-07-24T21:26:17Z2017-10-05T11:46:02Z6565284115PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_1938.JPG181images/MASLR2024-10-09T14:15:19.788Zfinds-6666MAS-D100066BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYFour stoneware bottles (three large and one smaller) that were probably used for beer, ale, stout or porter. Stoneware bottles provided the ultimate in protection from the detrimental effects of light but were very heavy. They were produced in Britain in the 1800s and many bottles found in the United States were even imported from here. All of these bottles have a feldspathic glaze over an ochre dip on the upper parts of the bottle giving them a darker colour on top. Feldspars (natural rocks of aluminosilicates) are used in stoneware and porcelain glazes because they fuse only at high temperatures. The feldspathic glaze dates the bottles to the 1830s or later while stoneware bottles were more or less superseded by glass by the first decade of the 20th century. These items were found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and an egg cup (MAS-D100078). All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde. The location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.Container39411173/173MAS2017-07-24T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage container813607Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23With finder2017-07-24T21:26:17Z2017-10-05T11:46:18Z6645284215PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteGoodNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_1938.JPG182images/MASLR2024-10-09T14:15:20.015Zfinds-7979MAS-D100079CLAY PIPE (SMOKING)NINETEENTH CENTURYAll three pipes here are complete and are of the short or 'cutty' form. Two of the pipes measure 100 mm and have bowls in the form of a male head, wearing a thin-brimmed cap, while the third, which measures 120 mm, has a simple impression pattern around the outside of the rim. The male head on two of the pipes has previously been thought to represent a military figure or the head of a French soldier. They fall into a group of more elaborate decorative pipes with bowls moulded in the form of human heads and animals, that were common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Such decorative pipes would have been commonly exported. Tobacco was grown in West Africa from the 17th century, where the inhabitants made their own pipes. The manufacture evolved from that of pottery vessels, but they also imported some through the Atlantic trade (Knight 2010, 67), which is likely what these pipes represent.These items were found with five gin bottles (MAS-D100063) and two perfume bottles (MAS-D100080). All of these items were recovered from the wreck ​Loanda. Built in 1891 at Barrow-in-Furness (Cumbria) by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co., Loanda was a two-masted screw-driven steamer owned by the British and African Steam Navigation Co. On 31 May 1908, following a collision with SS Junona, Loanda foundered while under tow 1 mile east of St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent. At the time of loss, the vessel was bound from Hamburg, Germany, to West Africa with a general cargo. This cargo, which has seen significant recovery by divers, included: clay pipes; bottles of wine and gin; glass beads; perfume bottles; pencils, writing slates and inkpots; lamps; and teacups, lids, dishes, pots, saucers, plates, jugs and eggcups. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of Loanda.DRESS AND PERSONAL ACCESSORIES39411185/173MAS2017-07-12T00:00:00ZPIPE (SMOKING)901835Kent HER Number: TR 34 SE 108With finder2017-07-15T15:13:43Z2020-03-30T14:10:58Z79100352847115PAS5989C577001EA7PAS5989C577001EA7218210KentTR384451.14575261.4013985ramp.slouched.ambient10MAS MASMASCeramic10539FigurativeCompleteFairNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of Wreck63_Pipe2.jpg178images/MASLR2024-10-09T14:15:23.357Zfinds-7272MAS-D100072BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYOne Hamilton bottle also known as a torpedo or egg bottle. These bottles are named after their English inventor, William Francis Hamilton who took out a patent in 1809 for a method of bottling soda and other mineral waters, involving ovate bottles (although use of ovate bottle probably pre-dated his patent by at least 20 years). These bottles became common in the 1840s when the manufacturing of mineral water became very popular. Before this date, carbonated water was only sold on a small scale. The bottle was invented as a way of keeping the gas in fizzy drinks. The pointed base meant that the cork or stopper was always airtight as it was always wet and swollen due to being laid on its side (Dale 2012). A Swiss chemist, Jacob Schwepper, set up a chemist's shop in London and was selling the newly invited artificial fizzy spring water known as aerated water in the early years of the 19th century, and was an early user of the Hamilton bottles to keep in schweppervescence. However, bottles with a pointed base were difficult to transport and could not be stood upright (Dale 2012). Common use of ovate bottles runs from the 1830s through to the end of the century. This item was found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), 3 aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), four small stoneware ink bottles (MAS-D100074), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and one egg cup (MAS-D100078). All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde. The location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.Container39391173/173MAS2017-07-24T00:00:00ZFood and liquid storage container813607Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23With finder2017-07-24T21:26:17Z2017-10-05T11:54:23Z7211828415PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASGlass10879CompleteNINETEENTH CENTURYNINETEENTH CENTURYDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_1938.JPG200images/MASLR2024-10-09T14:15:21.5Zfinds-7474MAS-D100074INK BOTTLENINETEENTH CENTURYA collection of four ink bottles; one large and three small. The larger stoneware ink bottle displays a pourer on the rim and is glazed with a feldspathic glaze. This type of ink bottle was introduced in the 1860s and were superseded by glass bottles by the first decade of the 20th century. Cylindrical stoneware ink bottles were made in England in large quantities throughout the Victorian era. The bottles varied widely in size and were not all brown. The larger or master bottles with a pouring lip brown bottles were commonly used for ink. The pouring spout would be used to distribute the ink in to smaller wells (Hume 2001). Of the three smaller stoneware ink bottles, two are glazed with a feldspathic glaze. This type of ink bottle was introduced in the mid-19th century and were superseded by glass bottles by the first decade of the 20th century. Small ink bottles or wells were usually no more than four inches high and did not have a pouring spout like the master bottles as they were intended to be dipped into (Hume 2001). These ink bottles came in two main varieties; very squat cinders or wide-based cones.These items were found with six stoneware seltzer bottles (MAS-D100065), four stoneware beverage bottles (MAS-D100066), two green glass wine bottles (MAS-D100068), three aqua glass bottles (MAS-D100071), one Hamilton bottle (MAS-D100072), six small bowls (MAS-D100076) and one egg cup (MAS-D100078). All of these items were recovered from the wreck of SS Strathclyde, a British trading steamship built in 1871 in Blackwood, Port Glasgow. The ship sank in 1876 off Dover whilst carrying 23 passengers and 47 crew for Bombay, following a collision with Franconia and resulting in the loss of 38 lives. NRHE and Kent HER reference numbers cited in this record refer to the wreck of SS Strathclyde. The location of SS Strathclyde was taken from the British National Grid co-ordinate from the National Record of the Historic Environment.Written communications39411173/173MAS2017-07-24T00:00:00ZWriting and drawing equipment813607Kent HER Number: TR 33 NW 23With finder2017-07-24T21:26:17Z2017-11-21T14:09:49Z744528415PAS5989C577001EA7PAS57BC21F300115B218210KentTR343851.093539951.34042371fatigue.paddles.woodland10MAS MASMASCeramic10539CompleteNINETEENTH CENTURYMODERNDivingSubmitted as wreck to the Receiver of WreckIMG_1938.JPG233images/MASLR2024-10-09T14:15:22.146Z