<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<response><meta><generated>2026-09-26T11:37:56+01:00</generated><formats><json>https://marinefinds.org.uk/postmedievalcoins/rulers/ruler/id/223/format/json</json><xml>https://marinefinds.org.uk/postmedievalcoins/rulers/ruler/id/223/format/xml</xml><html>https://marinefinds.org.uk/postmedievalcoins/rulers/ruler/id/223</html></formats></meta><ruler><id>223</id><issuer>James I of England</issuer><date1>1603</date1><date2>1625</date2><dbpedia>James_I_of_England</dbpedia><viaf/><name/><biography/><styled/><alias/><born/><died/><created/><createdBy/><updated/><updatedBy/><recentRecords/><types><type><id>2386</id><type>Gold: James I, not further defined (N 2065 - 2069, 2079 - 2096, 2108 - 2119)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2387</id><type>Silver: James I, not further defined</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2388</id><type>Silver crown: James I, not further defined (N 2070, 2097, 2120, 2121)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2389</id><type>Silver halfcrown: James I, not further defined (N 2071, 2078, 2122, 2123)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2390</id><type>Shilling: James I, not further defined (N 2072, 2073, 2099 - 2101, 2124, 2125)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2391</id><type>Sixpence: James I, not further defined (N 2074, 2075, 2102, 2103, 2126)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2392</id><type>Halfgroat: James I, not further defined (N 2076, 2104 - 2105/2, 2127)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2393</id><type>Penny: James I, not further defined (N 2077, 2106/1, 2106/2, 2128)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2394</id><type>Halfpenny: James I, not further defined (N 2078, 2107, 2129)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2395</id><type>Gold: James I, 1603-1604 (N 2065 - 2069)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2396</id><type>Silver crown: James I, 1603 - 1604 (N 2070)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2397</id><type>Silver halfcrown: James I, 1603 - 1604 (N 2071)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2398</id><type>Shilling: James I, 1603 - 1604 (N 2072, 2073)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2399</id><type>Sixpence: James I, 1603 - 1604 (N 2074, 2075)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2400</id><type>Halfgroat: James I, 1603 - 1604 (N 2076)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2401</id><type>Penny: James I, 1603 - 1604 (N 2077)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2402</id><type>Halfpenny: James I, 1603 - 1604 (N 2078)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2403</id><type>Gold: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2079 - 2096)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2404</id><type>Silver crown: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2097)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2405</id><type>Silver halfcrown: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2078)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2406</id><type>Shilling: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2099 - 2101)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2407</id><type>Sixpence: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2102, 2103)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2408</id><type>Halfgroat: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2104 - 2105/2)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2409</id><type>Penny: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2106/1, 2106/2)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2410</id><type>Halfpenny: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2107)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2411</id><type>Gold: James I, 1619-1625 (N 2108 - 2119)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2412</id><type>Silver crown: James I, 1619-1625 (N 2120, 2121)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2413</id><type>Silver halfcrown: James I, 1619-1625 (N 2122, 2123)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2414</id><type>Shilling: James I, 1619-1625 (N 2124, 2125)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2415</id><type>Sixpence: James I, 1619-1625 (N 2126)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2416</id><type>Halfgroat: James I, 1619-1625 (N 2127)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2417</id><type>Penny: James I, 1619-1625 (N 2128)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2418</id><type>Halfpenny: James I, 1619-1625 (N 2129)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2419</id><type>Copper farthing of James I or Charles I, not further defined</type><datefrom>1613</datefrom><dateto>1644</dateto></type><type><id>2420</id><type>Copper farthing bearing crown/harp of James I or Charles I, not further defined</type><datefrom>1613</datefrom><dateto>1636</dateto></type><type><id>2421</id><type>Copper Harington or Lennox farthing of James I</type><datefrom>1613</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>2669</id><type>Irish: silver coin of James I, not further defined (S 6512 - 6517)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1607</dateto></type><type><id>2670</id><type>Irish: silver coin of James I, first coinage (S 6512 - 6514)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1604</dateto></type><type><id>2671</id><type>Irish: shilling of James I, first coinage (S 6512 - 6513)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1604</dateto></type><type><id>2672</id><type>Irish: sixpence of James I, first coinage (S 6514)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1604</dateto></type><type><id>2673</id><type>Irish: silver coin of James I, second coinage (S 6515 - 6517)</type><datefrom>1604</datefrom><dateto>1607</dateto></type><type><id>2674</id><type>Irish: shilling of James I, second coinage (S 6515 - 6517)</type><datefrom>1604</datefrom><dateto>1607</dateto></type><type><id>2675</id><type>Irish: sixpence of James I, second coinage (S 6517)</type><datefrom>1604</datefrom><dateto>1607</dateto></type><type><id>2676</id><type>Irish: farthing of James I, second coinage (S 6520 - 6523)</type><datefrom>1613</datefrom><dateto>1626</dateto></type><type><id>3210</id><type>Rose ryal: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2079, 2108)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3211</id><type>Spur ryal: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2080, 2109)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3212</id><type>Angel: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2081, 2110)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3213</id><type>Halfcrown: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2069, 2093 - 2095)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3214</id><type>Sovereign: James I, 1603-1604 (N 2065 - 2066)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3215</id><type>Half-sovereign: James I, 1603-1604 (N 2067)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3216</id><type>Crown: James I, 1603-1604 (N 2068)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3217</id><type>Halfcrown: James I, 1603-1604 (N 2069)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3218</id><type>Rose ryal: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2079)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3219</id><type>Spur ryal: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2080)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3220</id><type>Angel: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2081)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3221</id><type>Half-angel: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2082)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3222</id><type>Unite: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2083 - 2085)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3223</id><type>Double crown: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2086 - 2089)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3224</id><type>Britain crown: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2090 - 2092)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3225</id><type>Halfcrown: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2093 - 2095)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3226</id><type>Thistle crown: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2096)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>3227</id><type>Rose ryal: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2108)</type><datefrom>1603</datefrom><dateto>1625</dateto></type><type><id>3228</id><type>Spur ryal: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2109)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3229</id><type>Angel: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2110)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3230</id><type>Laurel: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2111 - 2115)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3231</id><type>Half-laurel: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2116 - 2117)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type><type><id>3232</id><type>Quarter-laurel: James I, 1604-1619 (N 2118 - 2119)</type><datefrom>0</datefrom><dateto>0</dateto></type></types><mints><mint><id>1511</id><name>Dublin</name><i>3086</i><rulerID>223</rulerID></mint><mint><id>1405</id><name>London (Tower)</name><i>1548</i><rulerID>223</rulerID></mint></mints><denominations><denomination><id>406</id><denomination>Half laurel</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>403</id><denomination>Rose-ryal</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>401</id><denomination>Half thistle-merk</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>399</id><denomination>Balance quarter-merk</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>398</id><denomination>Balance half merk</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>394</id><denomination>Double crown</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>381</id><denomination>Quarter-laurel</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>378</id><denomination>Quarter thistle-merk</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>369</id><denomination>Lion</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>358</id><denomination>Six shillings</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>171</id><denomination>Shilling</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>144</id><denomination>Forty shillings</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>137</id><denomination>Five shillings</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>129</id><denomination>Merk</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>115</id><denomination>Ducat</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>109</id><denomination>Half rider</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>108</id><denomination>Rider</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>102</id><denomination>Uncertain</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>356</id><denomination>Shilling or sixpence</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>94</id><denomination>Ryal (or rose noble)</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>93</id><denomination>Angel</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>92</id><denomination>Half angel (or angelet)</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>90</id><denomination>Crown (gold)</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>89</id><denomination>Half crown</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>88</id><denomination>Crown (silver)</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>83</id><denomination>Sixpence</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>75</id><denomination>Farthing (silver)</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>72</id><denomination>Penny</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>71</id><denomination>Halfpenny (copper alloy)</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>65</id><denomination>Token farthing</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>52</id><denomination>Half groat</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>95</id><denomination>Half sovereign (or double crown, ten shillings, half pound or half laurel)</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>405</id><denomination>Laurel</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>96</id><denomination>Sovereign (or unite, laurel or pound)</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>404</id><denomination>Spur ryal</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>525</id><denomination>Unite</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>537</id><denomination>Britain crown</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>538</id><denomination>Thistle crown</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>80</id><denomination>Halfgroat (silver)</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>76</id><denomination>Halfpenny (silver)</denomination></denomination></denominations></ruler></response>
