<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<response><meta><generated>2026-09-24T22:33:28+01:00</generated><formats><json>https://marinefinds.org.uk/postmedievalcoins/rulers/ruler/id/227/format/json</json><xml>https://marinefinds.org.uk/postmedievalcoins/rulers/ruler/id/227/format/xml</xml><html>https://marinefinds.org.uk/postmedievalcoins/rulers/ruler/id/227</html></formats></meta><ruler><id>227</id><issuer>James II of England</issuer><date1>1685</date1><date2>1688</date2><dbpedia>James_II_of_England</dbpedia><viaf/><name/><biography/><styled/><alias/><born/><died/><created/><createdBy/><updated/><updatedBy/><recentRecords/><types><type><id>3268</id><type>Gold: James II, not further defined (S 3396 - 3405)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3269</id><type>Five Guineas: James II (S 3396 - 3398)</type><datefrom>1686</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3270</id><type>Two Guineas: James II (S 3399)</type><datefrom>1687</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3271</id><type>Guinea: James II (S 3400 - 3403)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3272</id><type>Half-guinea: James II (S 3404 - 3405)</type><datefrom>1686</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3273</id><type>Silver: James II, not further defined (S 3406 - 3417)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3274</id><type>Crown: James II (S 3406 - 3407)</type><datefrom>1686</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3275</id><type>Halfcrown: James II (3408 - 3409)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3276</id><type>Shilling: James II (S 3410 - 3411)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3277</id><type>Sixpence: James II (S 3412 - 3413)</type><datefrom>1686</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3278</id><type>Fourpence: James II (S 3414)</type><datefrom>1686</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3279</id><type>Threepence: James II (S 3415)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3280</id><type>Twopence: James II (S 3416)</type><datefrom>1686</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3281</id><type>Penny: James II (S 3417)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3282</id><type>Maundy set: James II (S 3418)</type><datefrom>1686</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3283</id><type>Tin: James II, not further defined (S 3419 - 3421)</type><datefrom>1684</datefrom><dateto>1687</dateto></type><type><id>3284</id><type>Halfpenny (tin): James II (S 3419)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1687</dateto></type><type><id>3285</id><type>Farthing (tin): James II (S 3420 - 3421)</type><datefrom>1684</datefrom><dateto>1687</dateto></type><type><id>3968</id><type>Irish: halfpenny of James II, copper, regular coinage (S 6576)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3969</id><type>Irish: crown of James II, copper, 'gunmoney' coinage (S 6577-6578H)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3970</id><type>Irish: halfcrown of James II, copper, 'gunmoney' coinage (S 6579-6580)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3971</id><type>Irish: shilling of James II, copper, 'gunmoney' coinage (S 6581-6582)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3972</id><type>Irish: sixpence of James II, copper, 'gunmoney' coinage (S 6583)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3973</id><type>Irish: crown of James II, pewter, emergency 'pewter money' coinage (S 6584-6585)</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1688</dateto></type><type><id>3974</id><type>Irish: groat of James II, pewter, emergency 'pewter money' coinage (S 6586)</type><datefrom>1689</datefrom><dateto>1690</dateto></type><type><id>3975</id><type>Irish: penny of James II, pewter, emergency 'pewter money' coinage (S 6587-6589)</type><datefrom>1689</datefrom><dateto>1690</dateto></type><type><id>3976</id><type>Irish: halfpenny of James II, pewter, emergency 'pewter money' coinage (S 6590-6592)</type><datefrom>1689</datefrom><dateto>1690</dateto></type><type><id>3977</id><type>Irish: halfpenny of James II, copper, Limerick beseiged (S 6594)</type><datefrom>1690</datefrom><dateto>1691</dateto></type><type><id>3978</id><type>Irish: farthing of James II, copper, Limerick beseiged (S 6595-6596)</type><datefrom>1690</datefrom><dateto>1691</dateto></type><type><id>3979</id><type>Irish: coin of James II, pewter</type><datefrom>1689</datefrom><dateto>1690</dateto></type><type><id>3980</id><type>Irish: coin of James II, copper</type><datefrom>1685</datefrom><dateto>1691</dateto></type></types><mints><mint><id>1511</id><name>Dublin</name><i>3384</i><rulerID>227</rulerID></mint><mint><id>1565</id><name>Limerick</name><i>3383</i><rulerID>227</rulerID></mint><mint><id>133</id><name>London</name><i>3096</i><rulerID>227</rulerID></mint></mints><denominations><denomination><id>102</id><denomination>Uncertain</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>100</id><denomination>Guinea (gold)</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>90</id><denomination>Crown (gold)</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>89</id><denomination>Half crown</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>171</id><denomination>Shilling</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>83</id><denomination>Sixpence</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>72</id><denomination>Penny</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>70</id><denomination>Farthing (Copper alloy)</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>146</id><denomination>Halfpenny</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>73</id><denomination>Twopence</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>81</id><denomination>Threepence</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>543</id><denomination>Fourpence penny</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>544</id><denomination>Fourpence</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>545</id><denomination>Five guineas</denomination></denomination><denomination><id>546</id><denomination>Two guineas  </denomination></denomination><denomination><id>149</id><denomination>Groat</denomination></denomination></denominations></ruler></response>
